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Related papers: Marginal inferential models: prior-free probabilis…

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Likelihood-free inference refers to inference when a likelihood function cannot be explicitly evaluated, which is often the case for models based on simulators. Most of the literature is based on sample-based `Approximate Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-22 Conor Durkan , George Papamakarios , Iain Murray

Large pretrained language models are critical components of modern NLP pipelines. Yet, they suffer from spurious correlations, poor out-of-domain generalization, and biases. Inspired by recent progress in causal machine learning, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Maxime Peyrard , Sarvjeet Singh Ghotra , Martin Josifoski , Vidhan Agarwal , Barun Patra , Dean Carignan , Emre Kiciman , Robert West

Bayesian inference gets its name from *Bayes's theorem*, expressing posterior probabilities for hypotheses about a data generating process as the (normalized) product of prior probabilities and a likelihood function. But Bayesian inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Thomas J. Loredo , Robert L. Wolpert

Population adjustment methods such as matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) are increasingly used to compare marginal treatment effects when there are cross-trial differences in effect modifiers and limited patient-level data. MAIC…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-12 Antonio Remiro-Azócar , Anna Heath , Gianluca Baio

We develop a framework for post model selection inference, via marginal screening, in linear regression. At the core of this framework is a result that characterizes the exact distribution of linear functions of the response $y$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-03-03 Jason D Lee , Jonathan E Taylor

Exact inference for hidden Markov models requires the evaluation of all distributions of interest - filtering, prediction, smoothing and likelihood - with a finite computational effort. This article provides sufficient conditions for exact…

Computation · Statistics 2020-06-11 Guillaume Kon Kam King , Omiros Papaspiliopoulos , Matteo Ruggiero

Various methodological options exist on evaluating differences in both subgroups and the overall population. Most desirable is the simultaneous study of multiple endpoints in several populations. We investigate a newer method using multiple…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-23 Charlotte Vogel , Frank Schaarschmidt , Christian Ritz , Franz Koenig , Ludwig A. Hothorn

We study a class of missingness mechanisms, called sequentially additive nonignorable, for modeling multivariate data with item nonresponse. These mechanisms explicitly allow the probability of nonresponse for each variable to depend on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-19 Mauricio Sadinle , Jerome P. Reiter

Implicit probabilistic models are models defined naturally in terms of a sampling procedure and often induces a likelihood function that cannot be expressed explicitly. We develop a simple method for estimating parameters in implicit models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Ke Li , Jitendra Malik

The main challenges that arise when adopting Gaussian Process priors in probabilistic modeling are how to carry out exact Bayesian inference and how to account for uncertainty on model parameters when making model-based predictions on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-04-08 Maurizio Filippone , Mark Girolami

Ensuring robust model performance in diverse real-world scenarios requires addressing generalizability across domains with covariate shifts. However, no formal procedure exists for statistically evaluating generalizability in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Daniel de Vassimon Manela , Linying Yang , Robin J. Evans

Some statistical models are specified via a data generating process for which the likelihood function cannot be computed in closed form. Standard likelihood-based inference is then not feasible but the model parameters can be inferred by…

Computation · Statistics 2015-02-20 Michael U. Gutmann , Jukka Corander , Ritabrata Dutta , Samuel Kaski

Predictive mean matching (PMM) is a popular imputation strategy that imputes missing values by borrowing observed values from other cases with similar expectations. We show that, unlike other imputation strategies, PMM is not guaranteed to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Paul T. von Hippel

We propose a novel procedure for estimating and conducting inference on average marginal effects in partially linear instrumental regressions using Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space methods. Our procedure relies on a single regularization…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-14 Lucas Girard , Elia Lapenta

Expanding a lower-dimensional problem to a higher-dimensional space and then projecting back is often beneficial. This article rigorously investigates this perspective in the context of finite mixture models, namely how to improve inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-10 Andrea Mercatanti , Fan Li , Fabrizia Mealli

A rich set of frequentist model averaging methods has been developed, but their applications have largely been limited to point prediction, as measuring prediction uncertainty in general settings remains an open problem. In this paper we…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-21 Zhongjun Qu , Wendun Wang , Xiaomeng Zhang

We consider the problem of parametric statistical inference when likelihood computations are prohibitively expensive but sampling from the model is possible. Several so-called likelihood-free methods have been developed to perform inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-14 Owen Thomas , Ritabrata Dutta , Jukka Corander , Samuel Kaski , Michael U. Gutmann

Training neural network models with discrete (categorical or structured) latent variables can be computationally challenging, due to the need for marginalization over large or combinatorial sets. To circumvent this issue, one typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Gonçalo M. Correia , Vlad Niculae , Wilker Aziz , André F. T. Martins

Marginal imputation, which consists of imputing each item requiring imputation separately, is often used in surveys. This type of imputation procedures leads to asymptotically unbiased estimators of simple parameters such as population…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-04 Hélène Chaput , Guillaume Chauvet , David Haziza , Laurianne Salembier , Julie Solard

Estimating population quantities such as mean outcomes from user feedback is fundamental to platform evaluation and social science, yet feedback is often missing not at random (MNAR): users with stronger opinions are more likely to respond,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Hongyu Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Ruoxuan Xiong