Related papers: Kinetic aspects of the ion current layer in a reco…
In this article we address the three-dimensional modeling and simulation of biological ion channels using a continuum-based approach. Our multi-physics formulation self-consistently combines, to the best of our knowledge for the first time,…
The methods of Nicholson and Shain and Randles-Sevcik are the paradigms of voltammetry of redox species. However, as they were originally developed for aqueous redox couples, they cannot be directly applied to solid redox films such as…
The flow of ions through permeable channels causes voltage drop in physiological nanodomains such as synapses, dendrites and dendritic spines, and other protrusions. How the voltage changes around channels in these nanodomains has remained…
Surface ion traps confining and manipulating tens of ion qubits have become the leading platform for quantum processors with high quantum volume. These devices employ the Quantum Charge-Coupled Device (QCCD) architecture, wherein multiple…
Clays control carbon, water and nutrient transport in the lithosphere, promote cloud formation5 and lubricate fault slip through interactions among hydrated mineral interfaces. Clay mineral properties are difficult to model because their…
We report evidence of magnetic reconnection in the transition region of the terrestrial bow shock when the angle between the shock normal and the immediate upstream magnetic field is 65 degrees. An ion-skin-depth-scale current sheet…
Virtually all cells use energy and ion-specific membrane pumps to maintain large transmembrane gradients of Na$^+$, K$^+$, Cl$^-$, Mg$^{++}$, and Ca$^{++}$. Although they consume up to 1/3 of a cell's energy budget, the corresponding…
Ions in ionic liquids and concentrated electrolytes reside in a crowded, strongly-interacting environment, leading to the formation of discrete layers of charges at interfaces. Here, we propose a continuum theory that captures the…
Ionic diffusion in solids is central to energy storage, electronics, and catalysis, yet its chemical origins are difficult to resolve because conventional diffusion models struggle with effects of confinement, crystallographic disorder,…
Ion exchange kinetic flux equations have been extensively investigated since the mid-twentieth century and continue to provide a fundamental framework for describing mass transport phenomena in solid materials. Despite the maturity of this…
The twisted local magnetic field at the front or rear regions of the magnetic clouds (MCs) associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is often nearly opposite to the direction of the ambient interplanetary magnetic field…
A 2-D Riemann problem is designed to study the development and dynamics of the slow shocks that are thought to form at the boundaries of reconnection exhausts. Simulations are carried out for varying ratios of normal magnetic field to the…
We use experiments and molecular dynamics simulations of vertically oscillated granular layers to study horizontal particle segregation induced by a kink (a boundary between domains oscillating out of phase). Counter-rotating convection…
We have studied the dynamics of chloride and potassium ions in the interior of the OmpF porin under the influence of an external electric field. From the results of extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the system we computed…
Recent reports of surface forces across nanoconfined ionic liquids have revealed the existence of an anomalously long-ranged interaction apparently of electrostatic origin. Ionic liquids are viscous and therefore it is important to inspect…
Ions in channels have been imagined as hard balls in a macroscopic mechanical model, for a very long time. Hard balls interact by collisions in such models, randomly knocking each other on and off `binding' sites in thermal motion. But ions…
The coherent tunneling spin current in the bilayer system with spin-orbit coupling is investigated. Based on the continuity-like equations, we discuss the definition of the tunneling current and show that the overlaps between wavefunctions…
A kinetic theory model is developed for positron-impact ionization (PII) with neutral, rarefied gases. Particular attention is given to the sharing of available energy between the post-ionization constituents. A simple model for the…
A desktop experiment has been done to show the nonlinearity in the I-V characteristics of an ion conducting electrochemical micro-system. Its chaotic dynamics is being reported for the first time which has been captured by an electronic…
Characterizing the local voltage distribution within nanophysiological domains, driven by ionic currents through membrane channels, is crucial for studying cellular activity in modern biophysics, yet it presents significant experimental and…