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How a star forms is a fundamental question in astrophysics. In the earliest stages of protostellar evolution high extinction prevents a direct study of the accretion processes and their temporal evolution. Monitoring the variations of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 Thomas Stanke , Verena Wolf , Bringfried Stecklum , Doug Johnstone , Jochen Eislöffel , Gregory J. Herczeg , S. Tom Megeath , Karri I. I. Koljonen

Essentially all stars form in giant molecular clouds (GMCs). However, inside GMCs, most of the gas does not participate in star formation; rather, denser gas accumulates in clumps in the GMC, with the bulk of the stars in a given GMC…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Norman Murray , Philip Chang

Molecular clouds in the interstellar medium suffer gravitational instabilities that lead to the formation of one or multiple stars. A recently formed star inside a cold cloud communicates its gravitational force to the surrounding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Mendoza , J. Canto , A. Raga

We consider the dynamical evolution of an interstellar cloud that is initially in thermal equilibrium in the warm phase and is then subjected to a sudden increase in the pressure of its surroundings. We find that if the initial plasma beta…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. J. Lim , S. A. E. G. Falle , T. W. Hartquist

Observations of the interstellar medium are key to deciphering the physical processes regulating star formation in galaxies. However, observational uncertainties and detection limits can bias the interpretation unless carefully modeled.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-14 Robert Feldmann

Gravitational collapse of molecular cloud or cloud core/clump may lead to the formation of geometrically flattened, rotating accretion flow surrounding the new born star or star cluster. Gravitational instability may occur in such accretion…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-11 Hauyu Baobab Liu

We investigate the formation of protoplanetary disks around nine solar mass stars formed in the context of a (40 pc)$^3$ Giant Molecular Cloud model, using RAMSES adaptive-mesh refinement simulations extending over a scale range of about 4…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Michael Kuffmeier , Troels Haugboelle , Åke Nordlund

We review the progress that has been made in observing and analyzing molecular cloud structure in recent years. Structures are self-similar over a wide range of scales with similar power law indices independent of the star forming nature of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan P. Williams , Leo Blitz , Christopher F. McKee

We investigate the response of initially substructured, young, embedded star clusters to instantaneous gas expulsion of their natal gas. We introduce primordial substructure to the stars and the gas by simplistically modelling the star…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-21 J. P. Farias , M. Fellhauer , R. Smith , R. Dominguez , J. Dabringhausen

We numerically model fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable gaseous disc under conditions that may be appropriate for the formation of the young massive stars observed in the central parsec of our Galaxy. In this study, we adopt a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Sergei Nayakshin , Jorge Cuadra , Volker Springel

Low-mass stars are generally understood to form by the gravitational collapse of the dense molecular clouds known as starless cores. Continuum observations have not been able to distinguish among the several different hypotheses that…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Eric Keto , Paola Caselli , Jonathan Rawlings

Massive stars can form within or be captured by AGN disks, influencing both the thermal structure and metallicity of the disk environment. In a previous work, we investigated isotropic accretion onto massive stars from a gas-rich,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-21 Yi-Xian Chen , Yan-Fei Jiang , Jeremy Goodman

We study effect of magnetic field on massive dense core formation in colliding unequal molecular clouds by performing magnetohydrodynamic simulations with sub-parsec resolution (0.015 pc) that can resolve the molecular cores. Initial clouds…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-23 Nirmit Sakre , Asao Habe , Alex R. Pettitt , Takashi Okamoto

We present a theoretical framework in which bound stellar clusters arise naturally at the high-density end of the hierarchy of the interstellar medium (ISM). Due to short free-fall times, these high-density regions achieve high local star…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

We numerically investigate the effect of feedback from the ionizing radiation heating from massive stars on the evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their star formation efficiency (SFE). We find that the star-forming regions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , Pedro Colin , Gilberto C. Gomez , Alan Watson

CONTEXT: Dense cores are thought to be isolated from the surrounding cloud. However, observations of streamers and subsonic material outside core boundaries challenges this idea. AIMS: In this study, we aim to probe the extended subsonic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-30 Spandan Choudhury , Jongsoo Kim , Paola Caselli , Chang Won Lee , Jaime E. Pineda

We analyze the physical properties and infall rates of the circum-galactic gas around disks obtained in multi-resolved, cosmological, AMR simulations. At intermediate and low redshifts, disks are embedded into an extended, hot, tenuous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Stephanie Courty , Brad K. Gibson , Romain Teyssier

The formation and evolution of a circumstellar disk in magnetized cloud cores is investigated from prestellar core stage until sim 10^4 yr after protostar formation. In the circumstellar disk, fragmentation first occurs due to gravitational…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Masahiro N. Machida , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Tomoaki Matsumoto

We carry out three-dimensional MHD simulations of star formation in turbulent, magnetized clouds, including ambipolar diffusion and feedback from protostellar outflows. The calculations focus on relatively diffuse clouds threaded by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Fumitaka Nakamura , Zhi-Yun Li

We address the classical problem of star accretion onto a supermassive central gaseous object in a galactic nucleus. The resulting supermassive central gas-star object is assumed to be located at the centre of a dense stellar system for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Rainer Spurzem