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We present formulations of effective potentials suitable for approximating general relativistic effects in Newtonian simulations of core-collapse supernovae. Assuming a spherically symmetric spacetime and a stress-energy tensor that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-23 Steven A. Fromm , Vassilios Mewes , O. E. Bronson Messer , Eric J. Lentz , W. Raphael Hix , J. Austin Harris

We study the dynamics of small inhomogeneities in an expanding universe collapsing to form bound structures using full solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov (N-body) equations. We compare these to standard Newtonian N-body solutions using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-28 William E. East , Radosław Wojtak , Frans Pretorius

Measuring the sum of the three active neutrino masses, $M_\nu$, is one of the most important challenges in modern cosmology. Massive neutrinos imprint characteristic signatures on several cosmological observables in particular on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-25 Elena Giusarma , Mauricio Reyes Hurtado , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Siyu He , Shirley Ho , ChangHoon Hahn

We present a new approach to describe the dynamics of an isolated, gravitationally bound astronomical $N$-body system in the weak field and slow-motion approximation of the general theory of relativity. Celestial bodies are described using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-30 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

We revisit the issue of interpreting the results of large volume cosmological simulations in the context of large scale general relativistic effects. We look for simple modifications to the nonlinear evolution of the gravitational potential…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-17 Oliver Hahn , Aseem Paranjape

Understanding physical phenomena at the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity remains a major challenge in modern physics. While various experimental approaches have been proposed to probe quantum systems in curved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Eyuri Wakakuwa

The Newtonian simulations describing the formation of large-scale structures do not include relativistic effects. A new approach to this problem is proposed, which consists of splitting the Hawking-Hayward quasi-local energy of a closed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-15 Valerio Faraoni , Marianne Lapierre-Leonard , Angus Prain

We introduce the N-body simulation technique to follow structure formation in linear and nonlinear regimes for the extended quintessence models (scalar-tensor theories in which the scalar field has a self-interaction potential and behaves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-04 Baojiu Li , David F. Mota , John D. Barrow

We propose and construct a two-parameter perturbative expansion around a Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker geometry that can be used to model high-order gravitational effects in the presence of non-linear structure. This framework…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 Sophia R. Goldberg , Timothy Clifton , Karim A. Malik

This paper presents a relativistic version of Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity (NFDG), an alternative gravitational model recently introduced and based on the theory of fractional-dimension spaces. This extended version - Relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-26 Gabriele U. Varieschi

We describe in detail the general methodology and numerical implementation of consistent N-body simulations for coupled scalar field cosmological models, including the background cosmology and the generation of initial conditions (with the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-04 Baojiu Li , John D. Barrow

Metric theories of gravity are studied, beginning with a general action that is quadratic in curvature and allows infinite inverse powers of the d'Alembertian operator, resulting in infrared non-local extensions of general relativity. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Aindriu Conroy , Tomi Koivisto , Anupam Mazumdar , Ali Teimouri

We examine the deviation of Cold Dark Matter particle trajectories from the Newtonian result as the size of the region under study becomes comparable to or exceeds the particle horizon. To first order in the gravitational potential, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-26 Gerasimos Rigopoulos , Wessel Valkenburg

Both for the background world model and its linear perturbations Newtonian cosmology coincides with the zero-pressure limits of relativistic cosmology. However, such successes in Newtonian cosmology are not purely based on Newton's gravity,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jai-chan Hwang , Hyerim Noh

The development of numerical N -body simulations have allowed to study formation process and evolution of galaxies at different scales. This paper presents the fundamental concepts of N-body systems applied to the cosmological evolution of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-12 Jazhiel Chacon , J. Alberto Vazquez , Ruslan Gabbasov

The standard cosmological model is inherently relativistic, and yet a wide range of cosmological observations can be predicted accurately from essentially Newtonian theory. This is not the case on `ultra-large' distance scales, around the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-03 Louis Coates , Julian Adamek , Philip Bull , Caroline Guandalin , Chris Clarkson

A relativistic theory of gravity like general relativity produces phenomena differing fundamentally from Newton's theory. An example, analogous to electromagnetic induction, is gravitomagnetism, or the dragging of inertial frames by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-20 Wan Cong , Jiri Bicak , David Kubiznak , Robert B. Mann

General relativistic corrections to the expansion rate of the Universe arise when the Einstein equations are averaged over a spatial volume in a locally inhomogeneous cosmology. It has been suggested that they may contribute to the observed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-01 Xinghai Zhao , Grant J. Mathews

We present the first suite of cosmological N-body simulations that simultaneously include the effects of two different and theoretically independent extensions of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological scenario - namely an $f(R)$ theory of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Marco Baldi , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Matteo Viel , Ewald Puchwein , Volker Springel , Lauro Moscardini

We explore possible cosmological consequences of a running Newton's constant $ G ( \Box ) $, as suggested by the non-trivial ultraviolet fixed point scenario in the quantum field-theoretic treatment of Einstein gravity with a cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-08 Herbert W. Hamber , Reiko Toriumi