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In the standard cosmological framework, neutrinos begin to free-stream after the weak interaction phase ends in the early universe, at a temperature of approximately $T \sim 1 \, {\rm MeV}$. However, the onset of neutrino free-streaming can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-05 Sourav Pal , Rickmoy Samanta , Supratik Pal

Some cosmic microwave background (CMB) data allow a cosmological scenario in which the free streaming of neutrinos is delayed until close to matter-radiation equality. Interestingly, recent analyses have revealed that large-scale structure…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 David Camarena , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine

The cosmic neutrino background and other light relics leave distinct imprints in the cosmic microwave background anisotropies through their gravitational influence. Since neutrinos decoupled from the primordial plasma about one second after…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 Gabriele Montefalcone , Benjamin Wallisch , Katherine Freese

Neutrinos are expected to freestream (i.e. not interact with anything) since they decouple in the early Universe at a temperature $T\sim 2~{\rm MeV}$. However, there are many relevant particle physics scenarios that can make neutrinos…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Petter Taule , Miguel Escudero , Mathias Garny

We present updated constraints on the free-streaming nature of cosmological neutrinos from cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra, baryonic acoustic oscillation data, and local measurements of the Hubble constant. Specifically, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-22 Lachlan Lancaster , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Lloyd Knox , Zhen Pan

A cosmological scenario in which the onset of neutrino free streaming in the early Universe is delayed until close to the epoch of matter-radiation equality has been shown to provide a good fit to some cosmic microwave background (CMB)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-15 David Camarena , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , John Houghteling

New physics in the neutrino sector might be necessary to address anomalies between different neutrino oscillation experiments. Intriguingly, it also offers a possible solution to the discrepant cosmological measurements of $H_0$ and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Christina D. Kreisch , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Olivier Doré

Perturbations in the cosmic neutrino background produce a characteristic phase shift in the acoustic oscillations imprinted in the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), providing a unique observational probe of neutrino…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Gabriele Montefalcone , Subhajit Ghosh , Kimberly K. Boddy , Daven Wei Ren Ho , Yuhsin Tsai

We investigate signatures of neutrino scattering in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and matter power spectra, and the extent to which present cosmological data can distinguish between a free streaming or tightly coupled fluid of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicole F. Bell , Elena Pierpaoli , Kris Sigurdson

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations have been used extensively to constrain key properties of neutrinos, such as their mass. However, these inferences are typically dependent on assumptions about the cosmological model, and in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-09 James Alvey , Miguel Escudero , Nashwan Sabti

Very different processes characterize the decoupling of neutrinos to form the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) and the much later decoupling of photons from thermal equilibrium to form the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The C$\nu$B…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-20 J. Richard Bond , George M. Fuller , Evan Grohs , Joel Meyers , Matthew James Wilson

If active neutrinos undergo non-standard (`secret') interactions (NS$\nu$I) the cosmological evolution of the neutrino fluid might be altered, leaving an imprint in cosmological observables. We use the latest publicly available CMB data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-27 F. Forastieri , M. Lattanzi , P. Natoli

We perform a comprehensive study of cosmological constraints on non-standard neutrino self-interactions using cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillation data. We consider different scenarios for neutrino…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Thejs Brinckmann , Jae Hyeok Chang , Marilena LoVerde

Cosmic neutrinos are among the most abundant fermions in the Universe, yet the values of their masses and chemical potentials remain uncertain. In this Letter, we present the first constraints on the total neutrino mass $M_\nu$ and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-23 Wangzheng Zhang , Ming-chung Chu , Shihong Liao

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has proven to be an invaluable tool for studying the properties and interactions of neutrinos, providing insight not only into the sum of neutrino masses but also the free streaming nature of neutrinos…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-07 Stefan Sandner , Miguel Escudero , Samuel J. Witte

The number of effective relativistic neutrino species represents a fundamental probe of the thermal history of the early Universe, and as such of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Traditional approaches to the neutrino decoupling are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-09-09 Miguel Escudero

Three relativistic particles in addition to the photon are detected in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the standard model of cosmology, these are interpreted as the three neutrino species. However, at the time of CMB-decoupling,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 Elena Sellentin , Ruth Durrer

Neutrino physics in the early Universe is key to our understanding of later cosmological stages, such as primordial nucleosynthesis (BBN) or the formation of large-scale structures. The coming decade promises new experimental results to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-15 Julien Froustey

Neutrinos with Standard Model interactions free-stream in the early Universe, leaving a distinct phase shift in the pattern of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). When isolated, this phase shift allows one to robustly infer the presence of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Abbé M. Whitford , Cullan Howlett , Tamara M. Davis , David Camarena , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine

In this paper we investigate a time-varying neutrino mass model, motivated by the mild tension between cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements of the matter fluctuations and those obtained from low-redshift data. We modify the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Christiane S. Lorenz , Lena Funcke , Erminia Calabrese , Steen Hannestad
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