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The energy conditions provide a very promising model-independent study of the current acceleration of the universe. However, in order to connect these conditions with observations, one often needs first to integrate them, and then find the…
In this paper we consider a model of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation in which the scalar field, $\phi$ determines the gravitational coupling G and has a Lagrangian of the form, $\mathcal{L}_{\phi} =-V(\phi)\sqrt{1 -…
Cosmological models with Lagrange multipliers are appealing because they could explain the behaviour of the dark sector in a unified way. In this work we analyse extensions to the "Dust of Dark Energy model" proposed in arXiv:1003.5751 by…
Our ignorance about the source of cosmic acceleration has stimulated study of a wide range of models and modifications to gravity. Cosmological scaling solutions in any of these theories are privileged because they represent natural…
A certain class of nonlocal theories eliminates an arbitrary cosmological constant (CC) from a universe that can be perceived as our world. Dark energy then cannot be explained by a CC; it could however be due to massive gravity. We…
The absence of guidance from fundamental physics about the mechanism behind cosmic acceleration has given rise to a number of alternative cosmological scenarios. These are based either on modifications of general relativistic gravitation…
High precision cosmological observations in last decade suggest that about 70% of our universe's energy density is in so called "Dark Energy" (DE). Observations show that DE has negative effective pressure and therefore unlike conventional…
ecent observations of type Ia supernovae indicate that the Universe is in an accelerating phase of expansion. The fundamental quest in theoretical cosmology is to identify the origin of this phenomenon. In principle there are two…
We study new FRW type cosmological models of modified gravity treated on the background of Palatini approach. These models are generalization of Einstein gravity by the presence of a scalar field non-minimally coupled to the curvature. The…
There are a number of mathematical theorems in the literature on the dynamics of cosmological models with accelerated expansion driven by a positive cosmological constant $\Lambda$ or a nonlinear scalar field with potential $V$…
Perhaps the deepest mystery of our accelerating Universe in expansion is the existence of a tiny and rigid cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. Its size is many orders of magnitude below the expected one in the standard model of particle…
In arXiv:1601.02203 and arXiv:1702.07063, we have proposed a topological model with a simple Lagrangian density and have tried to solve one of the cosmological constant problems. The Lagrangian density is the BRS exact and therefore the…
This paper explores models of the FLRW universe that incorporate a time-varying cosmological term $\Lambda(t)$. Specifically, we assume a power-law form for the cosmological term as a function of the scale factor: $\Lambda(t)=\Lambda_{0}…
We study a dynamic $\Lambda$ model with varying gravitational constant $G$ under the Kaluza-Klein cosmology. Physical features and the limitations of the present model have been explored and discussed. Solutions are found mostly in…
It is well known that a canonical scalar field is able to describe either dark matter or dark energy but not both. We demonstrate that a non-canonical scalar field can describe both dark matter and dark energy within a unified setting. We…
The Galileon theory belongs to the class of modified gravity models that can explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe. In previous works, cosmological constraints on the Galileon model were derived, both in the uncoupled…
We update the constraints on the minimal model of dark matter, where a stable real scalar field is added to the standard model Lagrangian with a renormalizable coupling to the Higgs field. Once we fix the dark matter abundance, there are…
The evidence of the acceleration of universe at present time has lead to investigate modified theories of gravity and alternative theories of gravity, which are able to explain acceleration from a theoretical viewpoint without the need of…
The accelerating expansion of the Universe points to a small positive value for the cosmological constant or vacuum energy density. We discuss recent ideas that the cosmological constant plus LHC results might hint at critical phenomena…
Homogeneous cosmological solutions are obtained in five dimensional space time assuming equations of state $ p = k\rho $ and $ p_{5}= \gamma\rho$ where p is the isotropic 3 - pressure and $p_{5}$, that for the fifth dimension. Using…