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Quantum error correcting (QEC) stabilizer codes enable protection of quantum information against errors during storage and processing. Simulation of noisy QEC codes is used to identify the noise parameters necessary for advantageous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Sascha Heußen , Don Winter , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Leakage errors damage a qubit by coupling it to other levels. Over the years, several theoretical approaches to dealing with such errors have been developed based on perturbation arguments. Here we propose a different strategy: we use a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-18 Yifan Sun , Junyi Zhang , Lian-Ao Wu

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

Superconducting quantum circuits, such as the transmon, have multiple quantum states beyond the computational subspace. These states can be populated during quantum logic operations; residual population in such states is known as leakage.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Frederick W. Strauch

Coherent spatial transport or shuttling of a single electron spin through semiconductor nanostructures is an important ingredient in many spintronic and quantum computing applications. In this work we analyze the possible errors in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Xiao Li , Edwin Barnes , Jason P. Kestner , S. Das Sarma

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) promises natural compatibility with quantum error correcting codes at the cost of a polynomial increase in physical qubits. MBQC proposals have largely focused on photonic systems, where 2-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Matthew Brooks , Charles Tahan

Leakage outside of the qubit computational subspace poses a threatening challenge to quantum error correction (QEC). We propose a scheme using two leakage-reduction units (LRUs) that mitigate these issues for a transmon-based surface code,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Francesco Battistel , Boris M. Varbanov , Barbara M. Terhal

Quantum computers will eventually reach a size at which quantum error correction becomes imperative. Quantum information can be protected from qubit imperfections and flawed control operations by encoding a single logical qubit in multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-15 N. M. Linke , M. Gutierrez , K. A. Landsman , C. Figgatt , S. Debnath , K. R. Brown , C. Monroe

The ability to perform fast and accurate rotations between the computational basis states of quantum bits is one of the most fundamental requirements for building a quantum computer. Because physical qubits generally contain more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ben Chiaro , Yaxing Zhang

In circuit-based quantum computing, the available gate set typically consists of single-qubit gates acting on each individual qubit and at least one entangling gate between pairs of qubits. In certain physical architectures, however, some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-23 M. Pechal , G. Salis , M. Ganzhorn , D. J. Egger , M. Werninghaus , S. Filipp

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Users of quantum computers must be able to confirm they are indeed functioning as intended, even when the devices are remotely accessed. In particular, if the Hilbert space dimension of the components are not as advertised -- for instance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-22 Armands Strikis , Animesh Datta , George C. Knee

Quantum error correction (QEC) codes can tolerate hardware errors by encoding fault-tolerant logical qubits using redundant physical qubits and detecting errors using parity checks. Leakage errors occur in quantum systems when a qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Suhas Vittal , Poulami Das , Moinuddin Qureshi

Frequency-multiplexing is an effective method to achieve resource-efficient superconducting qubit readout. Allowing multiple resonators to share a common feedline, the number of cables and passive components involved in the readout of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Satvik Maurya , Chaithanya Naik Mude , Benjamin Lienhard , Swamit Tannu

Errors are common issues in quantum computing platforms, among which leakage is one of the most challenging to address. This is because leakage, i.e., the loss of information stored in the computational subspace to undesired subspaces in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Bujiao Wu , Xiaoyang Wang , Xiao Yuan , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are one of the most promising building blocks for large scale quantum computers thanks to their high qubit density and compatibility with the existing semiconductor technologies. High fidelity…

Quantum codes excel at correcting local noise but fail to correct leakage faults that excite qubits to states outside the computational space. Aliferis and Terhal have shown that an accuracy threshold exists for leakage faults using gadgets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-29 Martin Suchara , Andrew W. Cross , Jay M. Gambetta

We present a general protocol for stabilizer measurements and pumping in a system of N superconducting qubits. We assume always-on, equal dispersive couplings to a single mode of a high-Q microwave resonator in the ultra-strong dispersive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Simon E. Nigg , Steven M. Girvin

Quantum data is susceptible to decoherence induced by the environment and to errors in the hardware processing it. A future fault-tolerant quantum computer will use quantum error correction (QEC) to actively protect against both. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-30 D. Ristè , S. Poletto , M. -Z. Huang , A. Bruno , V. Vesterinen , O. -P. Saira , L. DiCarlo

Recently, a lot of effort has been devoted towards designing erasure qubits in which dominant physical noise excites leakage states whose population can be detected and returned to the qubit subspace. Interest in these erasure qubits has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-05 Kathleen Chang , Shraddha Singh , Jahan Claes , Kaavya Sahay , James Teoh , Shruti Puri