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The concept of Nash equilibrium in behavioral strategies (NashEBS) was formulated By Nash~\cite{Nash (1951)} for an extensive-form game through global rationality of nonconvex payoff functions. Kuhn's payoff equivalence theorem resolves the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-22 Yiyin Cao , Chuangyin Dang

The theory of learning in games has extensively studied situations where agents respond dynamically to each other by optimizing a fixed utility function. However, in real situations, the strategic environment varies as a result of past…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Brandon C. Collins , Shouhuai Xu , Philip N. Brown

As Large Language Models (LLMs) integrate into our social and economic interactions, we need to deepen our understanding of how humans respond to LLMs opponents in strategic settings. We present the results of the first controlled…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-19 Darija Barak , Miguel Costa-Gomes

Secure equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium, which provides some security to the players against deviations when a player changes his strategy to another best response strategy. The concept of secure equilibrium is specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Julie De Pril , János Flesch , Jeroen Kuipers , Gijs Schoenmakers , Koos Vrieze

We consider a class of two-player dynamic stochastic nonzero-sum games where the state transition and observation equations are linear, and the primitive random variables are Gaussian. Each controller acquires possibly different dynamic…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Abhishek Gupta , Ashutosh Nayyar , Cedric Langbort , Tamer Basar

A classic model to study strategic decision making in multi-agent systems is the normal-form game. This model can be generalised to allow for an infinite number of pure strategies leading to continuous games. Multi-objective normal-form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Willem Röpke , Carla Groenland , Roxana Rădulescu , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

In this paper, we propose a numerical methodology for finding the closed-loop Nash equilibrium of stochastic delay differential games through deep learning. These games are prevalent in finance and economics where multi-agent interaction…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Robert Balkin , Hector D. Ceniceros , Ruimeng Hu

This study investigates differential games with motion-payoff uncertainty in continuous-time settings. We propose a framework where players update their beliefs about uncertain parameters using continuous Bayesian updating. Theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jiangjing Zhou , Ovanes Petrosian , Ye Zhang , Hongwei Gao

An extensive literature in economics and social science addresses contests, in which players compete to outperform each other on some measurable criterion, often referred to as a player's score, or output. Players incur costs that are an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-01 Leslie Ann Goldberg , Paul W. Goldberg , Piotr Krysta , Carmine Ventre

We consider a class of Wasserstein distributionally robust Nash equilibrium problems, where agents construct heterogeneous data-driven Wasserstein ambiguity sets using private samples and radii, in line with their individual risk-averse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Georgios Pantazis , Reza Rahimi Baghbadorani , Sergio Grammatico

Modeling the purposeful behavior of imperfect agents from a small number of observations is a challenging task. When restricted to the single-agent decision-theoretic setting, inverse optimal control techniques assume that observed behavior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Kevin Waugh , Brian D. Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

The study of games and their equilibria is central to developing insights for understanding many socio-economic phenomena. Here we present a dynamical systems view of the equilibria of two-person, payoff-symmetric games. In particular,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-01-23 V. Sasidevan , Sitabhra Sinha

Within the context of video games the notion of perfectly rational agents can be undesirable as it leads to uninteresting situations, where humans face tough adversarial decision makers. Current frameworks for stochastic games and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Jordi Grau-Moya , Felix Leibfried , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Strategic interactions can be represented more concisely, and analyzed and solved more efficiently, if we are aware of the symmetries within the multiagent system. Symmetries also have conceptual implications, for example for equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Caspar Oesterheld , Tuomas Sandholm , Vincent Conitzer

Evolution of agents' dynamics of multiagent systems under consensus protocol in the face of jamming attacks is discussed, where centralized parties are able to influence the control signals of the agents. In this paper we focus on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Yurid Nugraha , Tomohisa Hayakawa , Hideaki Ishii , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Quanyan Zhu

Understanding the behavior of no-regret dynamics in general $N$-player games is a fundamental question in online learning and game theory. A folk result in the field states that, in finite games, the empirical frequency of play under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Thanasis Lianeas , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Georgios Piliouras

We study the quality of outcomes in repeated games when the population of players is dynamically changing and participants use learning algorithms to adapt to the changing environment. Game theory classically considers Nash equilibria of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Thodoris Lykouris , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Eva Tardos

Extensive-form games are a common model for multiagent interactions with imperfect information. In two-player zero-sum games, the typical solution concept is a Nash equilibrium over the unconstrained strategy set for each player. In many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Trevor Davis , Kevin Waugh , Michael Bowling

As quantum processors advance, the emergence of large-scale decentralized systems involving interacting quantum-enabled agents is on the horizon. Recent research efforts have explored quantum versions of Nash and correlated equilibria as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Wayne Lin , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

The standard Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) framework primarily focuses on optimizing the performance of large language models using pre-collected prompts. However, collecting prompts that provide comprehensive coverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rui Zheng , Hongyi Guo , Zhihan Liu , Xiaoying Zhang , Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Li , Yang Liu