Related papers: Second quantization and gauge invariance

The finite-volume QED$_{1+1}$ is formulated in terms of Dirac variables by an explicit solution of the Gauss constraint with possible nontrivial boundary conditions taken into account. The intrinsic nontrivial topology of the gauge group is…

Unifying quantum theory and gravity remains a fundamental challenge in physics. While most existing literature focuses on the ultraviolet (UV) modifications of quantum theory due to gravity, this work shows that generic infrared (IR)…

A first-order gauge invariant formulation for the two-dimensional quantum rigid rotor is long known in the theoretical physics community as an isolated peculiar model. Parallel to that fact, the longstanding constraints abelianization…

Elementary particle scatterings and decays in presence of a background magnetic field are very common in physics, specially after the observation that the core of the neutron stars can sustain a magnetic field of the order of $10^{13} {\rm…

In quantum field theory, elemental particles are assumed to be point particles. As a result, the loop integrals are divergent in many cases. Regularization and renormalization are necessary in order to get the physical finite results from…

The quantum gravity is formulated based on principle of local gauge invariance. The model discussed in this paper has local gravitational gauge symmetry and gravitational field appears as gauge field. The problems on quantization and…

We study a generalization of the well-known Dicke model, using two dissimilar atoms in the regime of ultrastrongly coupled cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our theory uses gauge invariant master equations, which yields consistent results in…

The Lagrangians and Hamiltonians of classical field theory require to comprise gauge fields in order to be form-invariant under local gauge transformations. These gauge fields have turned out to correctly describe pertaining elementary…

We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…

We find necessary and sufficient conditions for gauge invariance of the action of Double Field Theory (DFT) as well as closure of the algebra of gauge symmetries. The so-called weak and strong constraints are sufficient to satisfy them, but…

A covariant quantization method for physical systems with reducible constraints is presented.

We perform a canonical quantization of gravity in a second-order formulation, taking as configuration variables those describing a 4-bein, not adapted to the space-time splitting. We outline how, neither if we fix the Lorentz frame before…

Further properties of a recently proposed higher order infinite spin particle model are derived. Infinitely many classically equivalent but different Hamiltonian formulations are shown to exist. This leads to a condition of uniqueness in…

We generalize the electromagnetic duality between a massless, canonical scalar field and a 2-form gauge field in 4-dimensional spacetime to scalar-tensor theories. We derive the action of 2-form gauge field that is dual to two kinds of…

Starting from a weak gauge principle we give a new and critical revision of the argument leading to charge quantization on arbitrary spacetimes. The main differences of our approach with respect to previous works appear on spacetimes with…

Symmetry and quantization are the two major enterprises of theoretical physics; but some argue that quantization can be derived as a necessary condition for symmetry. It is argued here that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a…

When an antisymmetric tensor potential is coupled to the field strength of a gauge field via a $B\wedge F$ coupling and a kinetic term for $B$ is included, the gauge field develops an effective mass. The theory can be made invariant under a…

Quantized space described by time reversal invariant and rotationally invariant noncommutative algebra of canonical type is studied. A particle in uniform field is considered. We find exactly the energy of a particle in uniform field in the…

We show that the abelian Proca model, which is gauge non-invariant with second class constraints can be converted into gauge theories with first class constraints. The method used, which we call Gauge Unfixing employs a projection operator…

In the context of cosmological perturbation theory, we derive the second order Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of the distribution function of radiation without a specific gauge choice. The essential steps in deriving the…