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P. polycephalum may be considered as a spatially represented parallel unconventional computing substrate, but how can this `computer' be programmed? In this paper we examine and catalogue individual low-level mechanisms which may be used to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-10-23 Jeff Jones

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a single cell visible by unaided eye. During its foraging behaviour the cell spans spatially distributed sources of nutrients with a protoplasmic network. Geometrical structure of the protoplasmic…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-05-14 Andrew Adamatzky , Jeff Jones

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum displays adaptive transport dynamics and network formation that have inspired its use as a model of biological computation. We develop a Lagrangian formulation of Physarum's adaptive dynamics on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-12 Ricard Solé , Jordi Pla-Mauri

Optimization of fluid transport in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum has been the subject of several modeling efforts in recent literature. Existing models assume that the tube adaptation mechanism in P. polycephalum's tubular network is…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-01 Vincenzo Bonifaci

Plasmodium of true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, is an amoeboid organism, which spreads with developing tubular network structure and crawls on two-dimensional plane with oscillating the cell thickness. The plasmodium transforms its…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-04-10 Yuki Kagawa , Atsuko Takamatsu

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a large cell capable of solving graph-theoretic, optimization and computational geometry problems due to its unique foraging behavior. Also the plasmodium is unique biological substrate that mimics…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2010-11-23 Andrew Adamatzky , Jeff Jones

We implement Kolmogorov-Uspensky machine on a plasmodium of true slime mold {\em Physarum polycephalum}. We provide experimental findings on realization of the machine instructions, illustrate basic operations, and elements of programming.

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-11-23 Andrew Adamatzky

Belgium is amongst few artificial countries, established on purpose, when Dutch and French speaking parts were joined in a single unit. This makes Belgium a particularly interesting testbed for studying bio-inspired techniques for…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2011-12-21 Andrew Adamatzky , Bernard De Baets , Wesley Van Dessel

While computational capacity limits of the universe and carbon-based life have been estimated, a stricter bound for aneural organisms has not been established. Physarum polycephalum, a unicellular, multinucleated amoeba, is capable of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Suyash Bajpai , Aviva Lucas-DeMott , Nirosha J Murugan , Michael Levin , Philip Kurian

The model organism Physarum polycephalum is known to perform decentralised problem solving despite absence of nervous system. Experimental evidence and modelling studies have linked these abilities, and in particular maze-solving, to some…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Daniele Proverbio , Giulia Giordano

Using a particle model of Physarum displaying emer- gent morphological adaptation behaviour we demonstrate how a minimal approach to collective material computation may be used to transform and summarise properties of spatially represented…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky

The biological skin enables animals to sense various stimuli. Extensive efforts have been made recently to develop smart skin-like sensors to extend the capabilities of biological skins; however, simultaneous sensing of several types of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sho Shimadera , Kei Kitagawa , Koyo Sagehashi , Tomoaki Niiyama , Satoshi Sunada

Wounding is a severe impairment of function, especially for an exposed organism like the network-forming true slime mould Physarum polycephalum. The tubular network making up the organism's body plan is entirely interconnected and shares a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-25 Felix Bäuerle , Mirna Kramar , Karen Alim

A fungal skin is a thin flexible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a filamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Andrew Adamatzky , Antoni Gandia , Alessandro Chiolerio

Active fluid transport is a hallmark of many biological transport networks. While animal circulatory systems generally rely on a single heart to drive flows, other organisms employ decentralized local pumps to distribute fluids and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Adam B. Dionne , Katharine E. Jensen , Henrik Ronellenfitsch

Could simple organisms such as slime mould approximate LI without recourse to neural tissue? We describe a model whereby LI can emerge without explicit inhibitory wiring, using only bulk transport effects. We use a multi-agent model of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Jeff Jones

Plasmodium stage of Physarum polycephalum behaves as a distributed dynamical pattern formation mechanism who's foraging and migration is influenced by local stimuli from a wide range of attractants and repellents. Complex protoplasmic tube…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Soichiro Tsuda , Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky , Jonathan Mills

In this demo, we present a novel technique for approximating topologically optimal scaffoldings for 3D printed objects using a Monte Carlo algorithm based on the foraging behavior of the Physarum polycephalum slime mold. As a case study, we…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Drew Ehrlich , Milad Hakimshafaei , Oskar Elek

Animal cells are both encapsulated and subdivided by lipid bilayer membranes. Beyond just acting as boundaries, these membranes' shapes influence the function of cells and their compartments. Physically, membranes are two-dimensional fluids…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-23 George Dadunashvili , Timon Idema

Many studies have shown that Physarum polycephalum slime mold is able to find the shortest path in a maze. In this paper we study this behavior in a network, using a hyperbolic model of chemotaxis. Suitable transmission and boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-07 Gabriella Bretti , Roberto Natalini