Related papers: The inapproximability for the (0,1)-additive numbe…

Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ denote the set of all non-negative integers and $X$ be any subset of $X$. Also denote the power set of $X$ by $\mathcal{P}(X)$. An integer additive set-labeling (IASL) of a graph $G$ is an injective function $f:V(G)\to…

An $L(2,1)$-labeling of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a function $f$ from the vertex set $V(G)$ to the set of nonnegative integers such that the labels on adjacent vertices differ by at least two, and the labels on vertices at distance two differ by…

Let $X$ denote a set of all non-negative integers and $\sP(X)$ be its power set. A weak integer additive set-labeling (WIASL) of a graph $G$ is an injective set-valued function $f:V(G)\to \sP(X)-\{\emptyset\}$ where induced function…

A total labeling of a graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be local total antimagic if it is a bijection $f: V\cup E \to\{1,\ldots ,|V|+|E|\}$ such that adjacent vertices, adjacent edges, and incident vertex and edge have distinct induced weights…

The independent domination number $i(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a maximal independent set of $G$, also called an $i(G)$-set. The $i$-graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertices correspond to the $i(G)$-sets, and where two…

A sum graph is a finite simple graph whose vertex set is labeled with distinct positive integers such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the sum of their labels is itself another label. The spum of a graph $G$ is the minimum…

A graph $G = (V, E)$ of order $p$ and size $q$ is said to be local antimagic if there exists a bijection $g:E(G) \to \{1,2,\ldots,q\}$ such that for any pair of adjacent vertices $u$ and $v$, $g^+(u)\ne g^+(v)$, where $g^+(u)=\sum_{uv\in…

A {\it list assignment} $L$ of a graph $G$ is a function that assigns a set (list) $L(v)$ of colors to every vertex $v$ of $G$. Graph $G$ is called {\it $L$-list colorable} if it admits a vertex coloring $\phi$ such that $\phi(v)\in L(v)$…

For a graph $G$ with $n$ vertices, let $\nu(G)$ and $A(G)$ denote the matching number and adjacency matrix of $G$, respectively. The permanental polynomial of $G$ is defined as $\pi(G,x)={\rm per}(Ix-A(G))$. The permanental nullity of $G$,…

A connected graph $G$ with at least $2m + 2n + 2$ vertices which contains a perfect matching is $E(m, n)$-{\it extendable}, if for any two sets of disjoint independent edges $M$ and $N$ with $|M| = m$ and $|N|= n$, there is a perfect…

We show that there exists an adjacency labelling scheme for planar graphs where each vertex of an $n$-vertex planar graph $G$ is assigned a $(1+o(1))\log_2 n$-bit label and the labels of two vertices $u$ and $v$ are sufficient to determine…

Let $\mathcal{G} = (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$ be a simple graph, an $L(2,1)$-labeling of $\mathcal{G}$ is an assignment of labels from nonnegative integers to vertices of $\mathcal{G}$ such that adjacent vertices get labels which differ by…

An edge labeling of a connected graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be local antimagic if it is a bijection $f:E \to\{1,\ldots ,|E|\}$ such that for any pair of adjacent vertices $x$ and $y$, $f^+(x)\not= f^+(y)$, where the induced vertex label…

Let $G(V, E)$ be a simple connected graph, with $|E| = \epsilon.$ In this paper, we define an edge-set graph $\mathcal G_G$ constructed from the graph $G$ such that any vertex $v_{s,i}$ of $\mathcal G_G$ corresponds to the $i$-th…

A graph $G(V,E)$ is a threshold graph if there exist non-negative reals $w_v, v \in V$ and $t$ such that for every $U \subseteq V$, $\sum_{v \in U} w_v\leq t$ if and only if $U$ is a stable set. The {\it threshold dimension} of a graph…

For an undirected, simple, finite, connected graph $G$, we denote by $V(G)$ and $E(G)$ the sets of its vertices and edges, respectively. A function $\varphi:E(G)\rightarrow \{1,...,t\}$ is called a proper edge $t$-coloring of a graph $G$,…

For a multi-set $\lambda=\{k_1,k_2, \ldots, k_q\}$ of positive integers, let $k_{\lambda} = \sum_{i=1}^q k_i$. A $\lambda$-list assignment of $G$ is a list assignment $L$ of $G$ such that the colour set $\bigcup_{v \in V(G)}L(v)$ can be…

A \emph{proper $t$-edge-coloring} of a graph $G$ is a mapping $\alpha: E(G)\rightarrow \{1,\ldots,t\}$ such that all colors are used, and $\alpha(e)\neq \alpha(e^{\prime})$ for every pair of adjacent edges $e,e^{\prime}\in E(G)$. If $\alpha…

A lambda colouring (or $L(2,1)-$colouring) of a graph is an assignment of non-negative integers (with minimum assignment $0$) to its vertices such that the adjacent vertices must receive integers at least two apart and vertices at distance…

Let $f: V(G)\cup E(G)\rightarrow \{1,2,\dots,k\}$ be a non-proper total $k$-coloring of $G$. Define a weight function on total coloring as $$\phi(x)=f(x)+\sum\limits_{e\ni x}f(e)+\sum\limits_{y\in N(x)}f(y),$$ where $N(x)=\{y\in V(G)|xy\in…