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We survey a collective achievement of a group of researchers: the PCP Theorems. They give new definitions of the class \np, and imply that computing approximate solutions to many \np-hard problems is itself \np-hard. Techniques developed to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-12-15 Sanjeev Arora

These notes give an introduction to the quantization procedure called geometric quantization. It gives a definition of the mathematical background for its understanding and introductions to classical and quantum mechanics, to differentiable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Nima Moshayedi

These are lecture notes mainly aimed at graduate students on selected aspects of generalized geometry: in particular generalized complex and Kaehler structures and generalized holomorphic bundles. They are based on lectures given in March…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-08-06 Nigel Hitchin

The earlier approach is used for description of qubits and geometric phase parameters, the things critical in the area of topological quantum computing. The used tool, Geometric (Clifford) Algebra is the most convenient formalism for that…

General Physics · Physics 2015-02-10 Alexander M. Soiguine

We study the classical problem of computing geometric thickness, i.e., finding a straight-line drawing of an input graph and a partition of its edges into as few parts as possible so that each part is crossing-free. Since the problem is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Thomas Depian , Simon Dominik Fink , Alexander Firbas , Robert Ganian , Martin Nöllenburg

This paper surveys some selected topics in the theory of conformal metrics and their connections to complex analysis, partial differential equations and conformal differential geometry.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2008-05-16 Daniela Kraus , Oliver Roth

This is an introduction to: (1) the enumerative geometry of rational curves in equivariant symplectic resolutions, and (2) its relation to the structures of geometric representation theory. Written for the 2015 Algebraic Geometry Summer…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-01-04 Andrei Okounkov

A novel approach to complex problems has been previously applied to graph classification and the graph equivalence problem. Here we consider its applications to a wide set of NP complete problems, namely, those of finding a subgraph g…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Shmuel Nussinov , Zohar Nussinov

This book is expository and is in Russian. It is shown how in the course of solution of interesting geometric problems (close to applications) naturally appear main notions of algebraic topology (homology groups, obstructions and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-05-18 A. Skopenkov

This is a survey primarily about determining the border rank of tensors, especially those relevant for the study of the complexity of matrix multiplication. This is a subject that on the one hand is of great significance in theoretical…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-02 J. M. Landsberg

We give an introduction to Tropical Geometry and prove some results in Tropical Intersection Theory. The first part of this paper is an introduction to tropical geometry aimed at researchers in Algebraic Geometry from the point of view of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-22 Eric Katz

Mulmuley and Sohoni (GCT1 in SICOMP 2001, GCT2 in SICOMP 2008) proposed to view the permanent versus determinant problem as a specific orbit closure problem and to attack it by methods from geometric invariant and representation theory. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-08 Peter Buergisser , Christian Ikenmeyer

In this expository paper we present a brief introduction to the geometrical modeling of some quantum computing problems. After a brief introduction to establish the terminology, we focus on quantum information geometry and ZX-calculus,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 E. Ercolessi , R. Fioresi , T. Weber

This paper is a very brief and gentle introduction to non-commutative geometry geared primarily towards physicists and geometers. It starts with a brief historical description of the motivation for non-commutative geometry and then goes on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-20 Ernesto Lupercio

In this Master of Science Thesis I introduce geometric algebra both from the traditional geometric setting of vector spaces, and also from a more combinatorial view which simplifies common relations and operations. This view enables us to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-11-07 Douglas Lundholm

This friendly introduction to tropical geometry is meant to be accessible to first year students in mathematics. The topics discussed here are basic tropical algebra, tropical plane curves, some tropical intersections, and Viro's…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Erwan Brugallé , Kristin Shaw

This note describes some open problems that can be examined with the purpose of gaining additional insight of how to solve the problem of finding a general classification of geodetic graphs

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Carlos E. Frasser

In this paper, we present a unified approach using model category theory and an associative law to compare some classic variants of the geometric realization functor.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Yi-Sheng Wang

Complexity theory as practiced by physicists and computational complexity theory as practiced by computer scientists both characterize how difficult it is to solve complex problems. Here it is shown that the parameters of a specific model…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 S. N. Coppersmith

This book is a textbook for the course of foundations of geometry. It is addressed to mathematics students in Universities and to High School students for deeper learning the elementary geometry. It can also be used in mathematics coteries…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruslan Sharipov