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Within the framework of microscopic thermodynamics, correlations can play a crucial role for energy extraction. Our work sheds light on this connection by demonstrating that entanglement governs the amount of extractable energy in a…

We consider an autonomous implementation of Maxwell's demon in a quantum dot architecture. As in the original thought experiment, only the second law of thermodynamics is seemingly violated when disregarding the demon. The autonomous…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Rafael Sánchez , Peter Samuelsson , Patrick P. Potts

This work provides an overview of key historical developments in the formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, focusing on the notorious challenge of ``Maxwell's Demon'', a hypothetical creature who could presumably violate that law.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 R. E. Kastner

We consider a feedback control loop rectifying particle transport through a single quantum dot that is coupled to two electronic leads. While monitoring the occupation of the dot, we apply conditional control operations by changing the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-09 Gernot Schaller , Javier Cerrillo , Georg Engelhardt , Philipp Strasberg

Maxwell refrigerator as a device that can transfer heat from a cold to hot temperature reservoir making use of information reservoir was introduced by Mandal et al. \cite{Mandal2013a}. The model has a two state demon and a bit stream…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-24 Toby Joseph , Kiran V

Engineered dynamical maps combining coherent and dissipative transformations of quantum states with quantum measurements, have demonstrated a number of technological applications, and promise to be a crucial tool in quantum thermodynamic…

We discuss work extraction from classical information engines (e.g., Szil\'ard) with $N$-particles, $q$ partitions, and initial arbitrary non-equilibrium states. In particular, we focus on their {\em optimal} behaviour, which includes the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-10 Léo Touzo , Matteo Marsili , Neri Merhav , Édgar Roldán

Stochastic dynamics with random resetting leads to a non-equilibrium steady state. Here, we consider the thermodynamics of resetting by deriving the first and second law for reset processes far from equilibrium. We identify the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-31 Jaco Fuchs , Sebastian Goldt , Udo Seifert

Maxwell's demon was created with abilities to violate the second law of thermodynamics. But the demon always fell short of doing so because of the imposed restrictive condition that reads, the demon needs to do "work". Therefore, you can…

General Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Andrew Das Arulsamy

The remarkable progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has revealed the enormous energy demands of modern digital architectures, raising deep concerns about sustainability. In stark contrast, the human brain operates efficiently on only…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Toshio Yanagida , Keisuke Fujita , Mitsuhiro Iwaki

Information thermodynamics provides a framework for studying the effect of feedback loops on entropy production. It has enabled the understanding of novel thermodynamic systems such as the information engine which can be seen as a modern…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-12-02 Michael Maitland , Stefan Grosskinsky , Rosemary J. Harris

We have investigated the recently proposed self-consistent theory of fluctuation - induced transport. In this framework the subsystem under study is coupled to two independent baths at different temperatures. In this non-equilibrium system…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 A. M. Jayannavar

This paper provides an overview of the first experimental realizations of quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demons based on superconducting circuits. The principal results of these experiments are recalled and put into context. We highlight the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Nathanaël Cottet , Benjamin Huard

We analyze a periodic optimal finite-time two-state information-driven machine that extracts work from a single heat bath exploring imperfect measurements. Two models are considered, a memory-less one that ignores past measurements and an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-09-26 Michael Bauer , Andre C. Barato , Udo Seifert

Maxwell's demon (MD) has proven an instructive vehicle by which to explore the relationship between information theory and thermodynamics, fueling the possibility of information driven machines. A long standing debate has been the concern…

A Maxwell's demon type ``information engine" which extracts work from a bath is constructed from a microscopic Hamiltonian for the whole system including a subsystem, a thermal bath, and a nonequilibrium bath of phonons or photons which…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Mark M. Millonas

We propose a new way of looking at the quantum Maxwell's demon problem in terms of conditional action. A "conditional action" on a system is a unitary time evolution, selected according to the result of a previous measurement, which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

We have simulated numerically an automated version of Maxwell's demon inspired by Smoluchowski's ideas of 1912. Two gas chambers of equal volume are connected via an opening that is covered by a trapdoor. The trapdoor can open to the left…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. A. Skordos , W. H. Zurek

We discuss the thermodynamic aspects of a single qubit based device, powered by weak quantum measurements, and feedback controlled by a quantum Maxwell's demon. We discuss both discrete and time-continuous operation of the measurement based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Kagan Yanik , Bibek Bhandari , Sreenath K. Manikandan , Andrew N. Jordan

Emerging evidence suggests that physical systems operating as Maxwell demons, in which some subsystem of a larger system extracts heat energy from its environment in an apparent local violation of the second law, are commonplace throughout…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-04 Matthew P Leighton