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We introduce a notion of computable randomness for infinite sequences that generalises the classical version in two important ways. First, our definition of computable randomness is associated with imprecise probability models, in the sense…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

This paper defines a new notion of bounded computable randomness for certain classes of sub-computable functions which lack a universal machine. In particular, we define such versions of randomness for primitive recursive functions and for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Sam Buss , Douglas Cenzer , Jeffrey B. Remmel

We generalise the randomness test definitions in the literature for both the Martin-L\"of and Schnorr randomness of a series of binary outcomes, in order to allow for interval-valued rather than merely precise forecasts for these outcomes,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-21 Gert de Cooman , Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock

A coarse description of a subset A of omega is a subset D of omega such that the symmetric difference of A and D has asymptotic density 0. We study the extent to which noncomputable information can be effectively recovered from all coarse…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-05-08 Denis R. Hirschfeldt , Carl G. Jockusch , Rutger Kuyper , Paul E. Schupp

We study Martin-L\"{o}f random (ML-random) points on computable probability measures on sample and parameter spaces (Bayes models). We consider variants of conditional randomness defined by ML-randomness on Bayes models and those of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Hayato Takahashi

Van Lambalgen's theorem states that a pair $(\alpha,\beta)$ of bitsequences is Martin-L\"of random if and only if $\alpha$ is Martin-L\"of random and $\beta$ is Martin-L\"of random relative to $\alpha$. In [Information and Computation 209.2…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Bruno Bauwens

We show that there are Turing complete computably enumerable sets of arbitrarily low non-trivial initial segment prefix-free complexity. In particular, given any computably enumerable set $A$ with non-trivial prefix-free initial segment…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-11-28 George Barmpalias

Given a computable probability measure P over natural numbers or infinite binary sequences, there is no computable, randomized method that can produce an arbitrarily large sample such that none of its members are outliers of P.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Samuel Epstein

In this paper we settle most of the open questions on algorithmic computability of Julia sets. In particular, we present an algorithm for constructing quadratics whose Julia sets are uncomputable. We also show that a filled Julia set of a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-09-30 Mark Braverman , Michael Yampolsky

Let $K\subset\mathbb{R}$ be a self-similar set defined on $\mathbb{R}$. It is easy to prove that if the Lebesgue measure of $K$ is zero, then for Lebesgue almost every $t$, $$K+t=\{x+t:x\in K\}$$ only consists of irrational or…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Qi Jia , Yuanyuan Li , Kan Jiang

Reimann and Slaman initiated the study of sequences that are Martin-L\"of random with respect to a continuous measure, establishing fundamental facts about NCR, the collection of sequences that are not Martin-L\"of random with respect to…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-03-08 Christopher P. Porter

A real is called integer-valued random if no integer-valued martingale can win arbitrarily much capital betting against it. A real is low for integer-valued randomness if no integer-valued martingale recursive in A can succeed on an…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Ian Herbert

We study the statistical properties of random numbers under the Martin-L\"of definition of randomness, proving that random numbers obey analogues of Strong Law of Large Numbers, the Law of the Iterated Logarithm, and that they are normal.…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Matthew Pancia

The partition number $\pi(K)$ of a simplicial complex $K\subset 2^{[n]}$ is the minimum integer $\nu$ such that for each partition $A_1\uplus\ldots\uplus A_\nu = [n]$ of $[n]$ at least one of the sets $A_i$ is in $K$. A complex $K$ is…

A real number \alpha is called recursively enumerable if there exists a computable, increasing sequence of rational numbers which converges to \alpha. The randomness of a recursively enumerable real \alpha can be characterized in various…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-05-20 Kohtaro Tadaki

Given a linear equation $\mathcal{L}$, a set $A$ of integers is $\mathcal{L}$-free if $A$ does not contain any `non-trivial' solutions to $\mathcal{L}$. This notion incorporates many central topics in combinatorial number theory such as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-13 Kitty Meeks , Andrew Treglown

We study the complexity of the classification problem for countable models of set theory (ZFC). We prove that the classification of arbitrary countable models of ZFC is Borel complete, meaning that it is as complex as it can conceivably be.…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-21 John Clemens , Samuel Coskey , Samuel Dworetzky

The notion of a k-automatic set of integers is well-studied. We develop a new notion - the k-automatic set of rational numbers - and prove basic properties of these sets, including closure properties and decidability.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Eric Rowland , Jeffrey Shallit

We show that for each computable ordinal $\alpha>0$ it is possible to find in each Martin-L\"of random $\Delta^0_2$ degree a sequence $R$ of Cantor-Bendixson rank $\alpha$, while ensuring that the sequences that inductively witness $R$'s…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Rupert Hölzl , Christopher P. Porter

We characterize some major algorithmic randomness notions via differentiability of effective functions. (1) As the main result we show that a real number z in [0,1] is computably random if and only if each nondecreasing computable function…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Vasco Brattka , Joseph S. Miller , André Nies