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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be upgraded to further increase the instantaneous rate of particle collisions (luminosity) and become the High Luminosity LHC. This increase in…

The completion of Run 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider has seen the discovery of the Higgs boson and an unprecedented number of precise measurements of the Standard Model, while Run 2 operation has just started to provide first data at…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-11-23 Pierluigi Campana , Markus Klute , Pippa Wells

For over a decade now, physical and energy constraints have limited clock speed improvements in commodity microprocessors. Instead, chipmakers have been pushed into producing lower-power, multi-core processors such as GPGPU, ARM and Intel…

In high-energy physics, the increasing luminosity and detector granularity at the Large Hadron Collider are driving the need for more efficient data processing solutions. Machine Learning has emerged as a promising tool for reconstructing…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-01 Fotis I. Giasemis , Vladimir Lončar , Bertrand Granado , Vladimir Vava Gligorov

The high instantaneous luminosities expected following the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) pose major experimental challenges for the CMS experiment. A central component to allow efficient…

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade to the LHC, to provide high energy, high luminosity electron-proton and electron-ion collisions to run concurrently with Phase 2 of the LHC. The key elements of the LHeC…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-10-14 Peter Kostka , Alessandro Polini , David M. South

Triggering long-lived particles at the first stage of the trigger system is very crucial in LLP searches to ensure that we do not miss them at the very beginning. The future High Luminosity runs of the Large Hardron Collider will have…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-10 Biplob Bhattacherjee , Swagata Mukherjee , Rhitaja Sengupta , Prabhat Solanki

Hadron colliders at the energy frontier offer significant discovery potential through precise measurements of Standard Model processes and direct searches for new particles and interactions. A future hadron collider would enhance the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-11-19 Viviana Cavaliere , Monica Dunford , Heather M. Gray , Elliot Lipeles , Alison Lister , Clara Nellist

The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will produce particle collisions with up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton interactions. These unprecedented conditions will create a combinatorial complexity for…

The High-Luminosity LHC is expected to deliver proton-proton collisions every 25 ns with an estimated 140-200 pileup interactions per bunch crossing. Ultrafast track finding is vital for handling Level 1 trigger rates in such conditions. An…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-16 Andrew Hart

In particle detectors at the Large Hadron Collider, tens of terabytes of data are produced every second from proton-proton collisions occurring at a rate of 40 megahertz. This data rate is reduced to a sustainable level by a real-time event…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-07-14 Ekaterina Govorkova , Ema Puljak , Thea Aarrestad , Maurizio Pierini , Kinga Anna Woźniak , Jennifer Ngadiuba

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been successfully delivering proton-proton collision data at the unprecedented center of mass energy of 13 TeV. An upgrade is planned to increase the instantaneous luminosity delivered by the LHC in what…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-09-10 Peilian Liu

The first level trigger of the CMS experiment is comprised of custom electronics that process data from the electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters and three technologies of muon detectors in order to select the most interesting events from…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 J. Brooke

Over the last few years the GPGPU (General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units) paradigm represented a remarkable development in the world of computing. Computing for High-Energy Physics is no exception: several works have…

Experiments on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN represent our furthest excursion yet along the energy frontier of particle physics. The goal of probing physical processes at the TeV energy scale puts strict requirements on the performance…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-08-23 Jason Nielsen

Starting in 2022, the upgraded LHCb detector will collect data with a pure software trigger. In its first stage, reducing the rate from 30MHz to about 1MHz, GPUs are used to reconstruct and trigger on B and D meson topologies and high-pT…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-07-10 Sevda Esen , Arthur Marius Hennequin , Michel De Cian

We review here the prospects of a long-term upgrade programme for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN laboratory's new proton-proton collider. The super-LHC, which is currently under evaluation and design, is expected to deliver of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-14 Michelangelo L. Mangano

LHCb is a general purpose forward detector located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Although initially optimized for the study of hadrons containing beauty quarks, the better than expected performance of the detector hardware and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-29 Vladimir Vava Gligorov

The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 J. L. Abelleira Fernandez , C. Adolphsen , A. N. Akay , H. Aksakal , J. L. Albacete , S. Alekhin , P. Allport , V. Andreev , R. B. Appleby , E. Arikan , N. Armesto , G. Azuelos , M. Bai , D. Barber , J. Bartels , O. Behnke , J. Behr , A. S. Belyaev , I. Ben-Zvi , N. Bernard , S. Bertolucci , S. Bettoni , S. Biswal , J. Blümlein , H. Böttcher , A. Bogacz , C. Bracco , G. Brandt , H. Braun , S. Brodsky , O. Brüning , E. Bulyak , A. Buniatyan , H. Burkhardt , I. T. Cakir , O. Cakir , R. Calaga , V. Cetinkaya , E. Ciapala , R. Ciftci , A. K. Ciftci , B. A. Cole , J. C. Collins , O. Dadoun , J. Dainton , A. De. Roeck , D. d'Enterria , A. Dudarev , A. Eide , R. Enberg , E. Eroglu , K. J. Eskola , L. Favart , M. Fitterer , S. Forte , A. Gaddi , P. Gambino , H. García Morales , T. Gehrmann , P. Gladkikh , C. Glasman , R. Godbole , B. Goddard , T. Greenshaw , A. Guffanti , V. Guzey , C. Gwenlan , T. Han , Y. Hao , F. Haug , W. Herr , A. Hervé , B. J. Holzer , M. Ishitsuka , M. Jacquet , B. Jeanneret , J. M. Jimenez , J. M. Jowett , H. Jung , H. Karadeniz , D. Kayran , A. Kilic , K. Kimura , M. Klein , U. Klein , T. Kluge , F. Kocak , M. Korostelev , A. Kosmicki , P. Kostka , H. Kowalski , G. Kramer , D. Kuchler , M. Kuze , T. Lappi , P. Laycock , E. Levichev , S. Levonian , V. N. Litvinenko , A. Lombardi , J. Maeda , C. Marquet , S. J. Maxfield , B. Mellado , K. H. Mess , A. Milanese , S. Moch , I. I. Morozov , Y. Muttoni , S. Myers , S. Nandi , Z. Nergiz , P. R. Newman , T. Omori , J. Osborne , E. Paoloni , Y. Papaphilippou , C. Pascaud , H. Paukkunen , E. Perez , T. Pieloni , E. Pilicer , B. Pire , R. Placakyte , A. Polini , V. Ptitsyn , Y. Pupkov , V. Radescu , S. Raychaudhuri , L. Rinolfi , R. Rohini , J. Rojo , S. Russenschuck , M. Sahin , C. A. Salgado , K. Sampei , R. Sassot , E. Sauvan , U. Schneekloth , T. Schörner-Sadenius , D. Schulte , A. Senol , A. Seryi , P. Sievers , A. N. Skrinsky , W. Smith , H. Spiesberger , A. M. Stasto , M. Strikman , M. Sullivan , S. Sultansoy , Y. P. Sun , B. Surrow , L. Szymanowski , P. Taels , I. Tapan , A. T. Tasci , E. Tassi , H. Ten. Kate , J. Terron , H. Thiesen , L. Thompson , K. Tokushuku , R. Tomás García , D. Tommasini , D. Trbojevic , N. Tsoupas , J. Tuckmantel , S. Turkoz , T. N. Trinh , K. Tywoniuk , G. Unel , J. Urakawa , P. VanMechelen , A. Variola , R. Veness , A. Vivoli , P. Vobly , J. Wagner , R. Wallny , S. Wallon , G. Watt , C. Weiss , U. A. Wiedemann , U. Wienands , F. Willeke , B. -W. Xiao , V. Yakimenko , A. F. Zarnecki , Z. Zhang , F. Zimmermann , R. Zlebcik , F. Zomer

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will usher in a new era in high-energy physics. The HL-LHC experimental conditions entail an instantaneous luminosity of up to $7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and up to 200 simultaneous collisions…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-17 Thiago R. F. P. Tomei