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The time evolution of the medium created in heavy ion collisions can be described by hydrodynamical models. After expansion and cooling, the hadrons are created in a freeze-out. Their distribution describes the final state of this medium.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-25 Mate Csanad , Andras Szabo

It is shown how the initial azimuthally asymmetric flow develops from the free-streaming + sudden equilibration approximation to the early dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Consequences for the hydrodynamics and physical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-04-24 Wojciech Broniowski , Wojciech Florkowski , Mikolaj Chojnacki , Adam Kisiel

Harmonic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is observed in a broad range of rapidities, and the flow at different rapidities is correlated. However, fluctuations lead to a small decorrelation of the harmonic flow magnitudes and flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

In this work we study the connection between anisotropic flows and lumpy initial conditions for Au+Au collisions at 200GeV. We present comparisons between anisotropic flow coefficients and eccentricities up to sixth order, and between…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Fernando G. Gardim , Yogiro Hama , Frederique Grassi

In heavy ion collisions, event-by-event fluctuations in participating nucleon positions can lead to triangular flow. With fluctuating initial conditions, flow coefficients will also fluctuate. In a hydrodynamic model, we study the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 A. K. Chaudhuri

In this work, we present the results obtained by the hydrodynamic code NeXSPheRIO on anisotropic flows. In our calculation, we made use of event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions, and chemical freeze-out was explicitly implemented. We…

Since their discovery, fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have been understood as originating mostly from the random positions of nucleons within the colliding nuclei. We consider an alternative approach where all the…

We introduce a fast and simple method of computing cumulants of net-proton or net-charge fluctuations in event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions. One evaluates the mean numbers of particles in every hydrodynamic…

Correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of anisotropic flow harmonics are measured in Pb$-$Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, as recorded by the ALICE detector at the LHC. This study presents…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-11-18 ALICE Collaboration

Higher-order anisotropic flows in heavy-ion collisions are affected by nonlinear mode coupling effects. It has been suggested that the associated nonlinear hydrodynamic response coefficients probe the transport properties and are largely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-06-22 Jing Qian , Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

The collective flow generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions fluctuates from event to event. The fluctuations lead to a decorrelation of flow vectors measured in separate bins in phase space. These effects have been measured in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-21 Piotr Bozek , Hadi Mehrabpour

The initial energy density distribution and fluctuation in the transverse direction lead to anisotropic flows of final hadrons through collective expansion in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Fluctuations along the longitudinal direction,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-05-04 Long-Gang Pang , Hannah Petersen , Guang-You Qin , Victor Roy , Xin-Nian Wang

How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-05-18 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

We present the generalization of recently introduced observables for the studies of correlated fluctuations of different anisotropic flow amplitudes, dubbed Symmetric Cumulants. We introduce a new set of higher order observables and outline…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-08-19 Cindy Mordasini , Ante Bilandzic , Deniz Karakoç , Seyed Farid Taghavi

Flow has emerged as a crucial probe for the properties of the thermalized medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The evolution of initial state fluctuations leaves imprints on the power spectrum of flow coefficients.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-06-29 Shreyansh S. Dave , Saumia P. S. , Ajit M. Srivastava

We study the development of heavy-flavor flow harmonics in high-energy nuclear collisions. The elliptic and triangular flow of heavy-flavor hadrons, arising from the finite impact parameter of the two nuclei and from event-by-event…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-20 A. Beraudo , A. De Pace , M. Monteno , M. Nardi , F. Prino

We investigate the effect of hydrodynamic fluctuations on the rapidity decorrelations of anisotropic flow in high-energy nuclear collisions using a (3+1)-dimensional integrated dynamical model. The integrated dynamical model consists of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Azumi Sakai , Koichi Murase , Tetsufumi Hirano

For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics$-$($v_{n}^{k},v_{m}^{l}$) and ($v_{n}^{k},v_{m}^{l}, v_{p}^{q}$), with $k$, $l$, and $q$ denoting the respective orders$-$are measured in xenon-xenon…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-04-09 CMS Collaboration

We report on the measurement of various flow harmonics, $v_n$, with multi-particle cumulants, and present the results from a study of the inter-correlation among different order symmetry planes $\Psi_n$ via multi-particle mixed harmonic…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-11 Ante Bilandzic

Differential studies of elliptic flow are one of the most powerful tools in studying the initial conditions and dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions. The comparison of data from Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions taken with the PHOBOS…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Constantin Loizides