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Curvature is a key notion in General Relativity, characterizing the local physical properties of spacetime. By contrast, the concept of curvature has received scant attention in nonperturbative quantum gravity. One may even wonder whether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-27 R. Loll

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice theory of quantum gravity. It is shown how to identify the IR and the UV limits of this lattice theory with similar limits studied using the continuum, functional renormalization group…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-09-26 Jan Ambjorn , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Goerlich , Daniel Nemeth

In these lecture notes, I describe the motivation behind a recent formulation of a non-perturbative gravitational path integral for Lorentzian (instead of the usual Euclidean) space-times, and give a pedagogical introduction to its main…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 R. Loll

A hallmark of non-perturbative theories of quantum gravity is the absence of a fixed background geometry, and therefore the absence in a Planckian regime of any notion of length or scale that is defined a priori. This has potentially…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-06 J. Ambjorn , J. Gizbert-Studnicki , A. Goerlich , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

Three-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity, expressed as the continuum limit of a nonperturbative sum over spacetimes, is tantalizingly close to being amenable to analytical methods, and some of its properties have been described in terms…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-01 J. Brunekreef , R. Loll

We perform a non-perturbative sum over geometries in a (2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity model given in terms of Causal Dynamical Triangulations. Inspired by the concept of triangulations of product type introduced previously, we impose an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Benedetti , R. Loll , F. Zamponi

We investigate a nonperturbative formulation of quantum gravity defined via Euclidean dynamical triangulations (EDT) with a non-trivial measure term in the path integral. We are motivated to revisit this older formulation of dynamical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-04-21 Daniel Coumbe , John Laiho

The dynamical generation of a four-dimensional classical universe from nothing but fundamental quantum excitations at the Planck scale is a long-standing challenge to theoretical physicists. A candidate theory of quantum gravity which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-08 J. Ambjorn , A. Goerlich , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT), a candidate theory of nonperturbative quantum gravity in 4D, turns out to have a rich phase structure. We investigate the recently discovered bifurcation phase $C_b$ and relate some of its…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 J. Ambjørn , J. Gizbert-Studnicki , A. Görlich , J. Jurkiewicz , N. Klitgaard , R. Loll

We provide a hands-on introduction to Monte Carlo simulations in nonperturbative lattice quantum gravity, formulated in terms of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT). We describe explicitly the implementation of Monte Carlo moves and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-26 Joren Brunekreef , Andrzej Görlich , Renate Loll

The method of four-dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations provides a background-independent definition of the sum over geometries in quantum gravity, in the presence of a positive cosmological constant. We present the evidence…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Ambjorn , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

We compare the effective action of the scale factor obtained from lattice quantum gravity (in the form of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT)) to the corresponding effective action obtained from the simplest Functional Renormalization…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-09-26 Jan Ambjørn , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Gőrlich , Dániel Németh

We investigate the impact of spatial topology in 3+1 dimensional causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) by performing numerical simulations with toroidal spatial topology instead of the previously used spherical topology. In the case of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-17 Jan Ambjorn , Zbigniew Drogosz , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Goerlich , Jerzy Jurkiewicz , Daniel Nemeth

Paralleling the formal derivation of general relativity as a flat spacetime theory, we introduce in addition a preferred temporal foliation. The physical interpretation of the formalism is considered in the context of 5-dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Brian Pitts , W. C. Schieve

The proposed theory of causally structured discrete fields studies integer values on directed edges of a self-similar graph with a propagation rule, which we define as a set of valid combinations of integer values and edge directions around…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-30 K. V. Bayandin

Is there an approach to quantum gravity which is conceptually simple, relies on very few fundamental physical principles and ingredients, emphasizes geometric (as opposed to algebraic) properties, comes with a definite numerical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. Loll

We investigate the quantum Ricci curvature, which was introduced in earlier work, in full, four-dimensional quantum gravity, formulated nonperturbatively in terms of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT). A key finding of the CDT approach…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 N. Klitgaard , R. Loll

Two-dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations provides a definition of the path integral for projectable two-dimensional Horava-Lifshitz quantum gravity. We solve the theory coupled to gauge fields.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-02 J. Ambjorn , A. Ipsen

A key insight used in developing the theory of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDTs) is to use the causal (or light-cone) structure of Lorentzian manifolds to restrict the class of geometries appearing in the Quantum Gravity (QG) path…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-18 Kyle Tate , Matt Visser

The Causal Dynamical Triangulation model of quantum gravity (CDT) has a transfer matrix, relating spatial geometries at adjacent (discrete lattice) times. The transfer matrix uniquely determines the theory. We show that the measurements of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-10 Jan Ambjorn , Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki , Andrzej Görlich , Jerzy Jurkiewicz