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Message-passing algorithms based on the Belief Propagation (BP) equations constitute a well-known distributed computational scheme. It is exact on tree-like graphical models and has also proven to be effective in many problems defined on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Carlo Lucibello , Fabrizio Pittorino , Gabriele Perugini , Riccardo Zecchina

For the minimum cardinality vertex cover and maximum cardinality matching problems, the max-product form of belief propagation (BP) is known to perform poorly on general graphs. In this paper, we present an iterative loopy annealing BP…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-09 Marc Lelarge

Belief Propagation is a well-studied message-passing algorithm that runs over graphical models and can be used for approximate inference and approximation of local marginals. The resulting approximations are equivalent to the Bethe-Peierls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Roy Alkabetz , Itai Arad

We apply belief propagation (BP) to multi--user detection in a spread spectrum system, under the assumption of Gaussian symbols. We prove that BP is both convergent and allows to estimate the correct conditional expectation of the input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Andrea Montanari , Balaji Prabhakar , David Tse

In the context of inference with expectation constraints, we propose an approach based on the "loopy belief propagation" algorithm LBP, as a surrogate to an exact Markov Random Field MRF modelling. A prior information composed of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Cyril Furtlehner , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Anne Auger

Belief propagation is a widely used message passing method for the solution of probabilistic models on networks such as epidemic models, spin models, and Bayesian graphical models, but it suffers from the serious shortcoming that it works…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-27 Alec Kirkley , George T. Cantwell , M. E. J. Newman

The canonical problem of solving a system of linear equations arises in numerous contexts in information theory, communication theory, and related fields. In this contribution, we develop a solution based upon Gaussian belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-12 Danny Bickson

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the use of belief propagation - an algorithm originally introduced for performing statistical inference on graphical models - for approximate, but highly efficient, tensor network contraction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Joseph Tindall , Grace M. Sommers , Hilbert Kappen

We consider belief propagation (BP) as an efficient and scalable tool for state estimation and optimization problems in supply networks such as power grids. BP algorithms make use of factor graph representations, whose assignment to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Tim Ritmeester , Hildegard Meyer-Ortmanns

A major benefit of graphical models is that most knowledge is captured in the model structure. Many models, however, produce inference problems with a lot of symmetries not reflected in the graphical structure and hence not exploitable by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Kristian Kersting , Babak Ahmadi , Sriraam Natarajan

Belief Propagation (BP) is one of the most popular methods for inference in probabilistic graphical models. BP is guaranteed to return the correct answer for tree structures, but can be incorrect or non-convergent for loopy graphical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Siamak Ravanbakhsh , Chun-Nam Yu , Russell Greiner

The canonical problem of solving a system of linear equations arises in numerous contexts in information theory, communication theory, and related fields. In this contribution, we develop a solution based upon Gaussian belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-10-08 Ori Shental , Danny Bickson , Paul H. Siegel , Jack K. Wolf , Danny Dolev

Gaussian belief propagation (GaBP) is an iterative message-passing algorithm for inference in Gaussian graphical models. It is known that when GaBP converges it converges to the correct MAP estimate of the Gaussian random vector and simple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Jason K. Johnson , Danny Bickson , Danny Dolev

In this article, we present a visual introduction to Gaussian Belief Propagation (GBP), an approximate probabilistic inference algorithm that operates by passing messages between the nodes of arbitrarily structured factor graphs. A special…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Joseph Ortiz , Talfan Evans , Andrew J. Davison

Data association, the problem of reasoning over correspondence between targets and measurements, is a fundamental problem in tracking. This paper presents a graphical model formulation of data association and applies an approximate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Jason L. Williams , Roslyn A. Lau

Belief propagation is a well-studied algorithm for approximating local marginals of multivariate probability distribution over complex networks, while tensor network states are powerful tools for quantum and classical many-body problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-08 Chu Guo , Dario Poletti , Itai Arad

The Bethe approximation, discovered in statistical physics, gives an efficient algorithm called belief propagation (BP) for approximating a partition function. BP empirically gives an accurate approximation for many problems, e.g.,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-11 Ryuhei Mori , Toshiyuki Tanaka

Tensor network contraction on arbitrary graphs is a fundamental computational challenge with applications ranging from quantum simulation to error correction. While belief propagation (BP) provides a powerful approximation algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Siddhant Midha , Yifan F. Zhang

The decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check codes by the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is revisited. We check the iterative algorithm for its convergence to a codeword (termination), we run Monte Carlo simulations to find the probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 M. G. Stepanov , M. Chertkov

Learned neural solvers have successfully been used to solve combinatorial optimization and decision problems. More general counting variants of these problems, however, are still largely solved with hand-crafted solvers. To bridge this gap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Jonathan Kuck , Shuvam Chakraborty , Hao Tang , Rachel Luo , Jiaming Song , Ashish Sabharwal , Stefano Ermon