Related papers: Computability vs. Nondeterministic and P vs. NP

Finding, counting, or determining the existence of Nash equilibria, where players must play optimally given each others' actions, are known to be computational intractable problems. We ask whether weakening optimality to the requirement…

This paper introduces a generic framework that provides sufficient conditions for guaranteeing polynomial-time decidability of fixed-negation fragments of first-order theories that adhere to certain fixed-parameter tractability…

We propose a rigorous decomposition of predictive error, highlighting that not all 'irreducible' error is genuinely immutable. Many domains stand to benefit from iterative enhancements in measurement, construct validity, and modeling. Our…

If one modifies the laws of Quantum Mechanics to allow nonlinear evolution of quantum states, this paper shows that NP-complete problems would be efficiently solvable in polynomial time with bounded probability (NP in BQP). With that…

Over the course of the last 50 years, many questions in the field of computability were left surprisingly unanswered. One example is the question of $P$ vs $NP\cap co-NP$. It could be phrased in loose terms as "If a person has the ability…

In the early 1980s, Selman's seminal work on positive Turing reductions showed that positive Turing reduction to NP yields no greater computational power than NP itself. Thus, positive Turing and Turing reducibility to NP differ sharply…

Probabilistic argumentation allows reasoning about argumentation problems in a way that is well-founded by probability theory. However, in practice, this approach can be severely limited by the fact that probabilities are defined by adding…

Reasoning under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in Artificial Intelligence. As with most of these challenges, there is a harsh dilemma between the expressive power of the language used, and the tractability of the computational…

We extend classical methods of computational complexity to the realm of distributed computing, where they sometimes prove more effective than in their original context. Our focus is on decision problems in the LOCAL model, a setting in…

In a previous paper, we have shown that any Boolean formula can be encoded as a linear programming problem in the framework of Bayesian probability theory. When applied to NP-complete algorithms, this leads to the fundamental conclusion…

We introduce an analog of the theory of Borel equivalence relations in which we study equivalence relations that are decidable by an infinite time Turing machine. The Borel reductions are replaced by the more general class of infinite time…

The complexity class $NP$ can be logically characterized both through existential second order logic $SO\exists$, as proven by Fagin, and through simulating a Turing machine via the satisfiability problem of propositional logic SAT, as…

Although there is a somewhat standard formalization of computability on countable sets given by Turing machines, the same cannot be said about uncountable sets. Among the approaches to define computability in these sets, order-theoretic…

We show the NP-completeness of the existential theory of term algebras with the Knuth-Bendix order by giving a nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithm for solving Knuth-Bendix ordering constraints.

We study the Unitary Hitting Time Problem (UHTP) in quantum dynamics. Given computably described pure states |a>, |b> and a time-dependent unitary U(t), define the hitting time as the infimum of t > 0 such that the fidelity between U(t)|a>…

We discuss some claims that certain UCOMP devices can perform hypercomputation (compute Turing-uncomputable functions) or perform super-Turing computation (solve NP-complete problems in polynomial time). We discover that all these claims…

We introduce infinite time computable model theory, the computable model theory arising with infinite time Turing machines, which provide infinitary notions of computability for structures built on the reals R. Much of the finite time…

In this paper we propose a new approach for developing a proof that P=NP. We propose to use a polynomial-time reduction of a NP-complete problem to Linear Programming. Earlier such attempts used polynomial-time transformation which is a…

We present characterisations of "exact" gap-definable classes, in terms of indeterministic models of computation which slightly modify the standard model of quantum computation. This follows on work of Aaronson [arXiv:quant-ph/0412187], who…

We prove that the word problem of a finitely generated group $G$ is in NP (solvable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine) if and only if this group is a subgroup of a finitely presented group $H$ with polynomial…