Related papers: Density determinations in heavy ion collisions
Different methods to extract the temperature and density in heavy ion collisions are compared using a statistical model tailored to reproduce many experimental features at low excitation energy. The model assumes a sequential decay of an…
We argue that the chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions at high baryon density is not associated to a phase transition or rapid crossover. We employ the linear nucleon-meson model with parameters fixed by the zero-temperature…
One of the most remarkable results to emerge from heavy-ion collisions over the past two decades is the striking regularity shown by particle yields at all energies. This has led to several very successful proposals describing particle…
Freeze-out conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions are generally determined by comparing experimental results for ratios of particle yields with theoretical predictions based on applications of the Hadron Resonance Gas model. We discuss here how…
Systematic trends of baryon transport, chemical freeze-out, and kinetic freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions are presented. Further measurements of particles with heavy flavors are proposed in order to shed light on collision…
The study of heavy-ion collisions presents a challenge to both theoretical and experimental nuclear physics. Due to the extremely short lifetime and small size of the collision system, disentangling information provided by experimental…
Nuclei are nearly transparent to each other when they collide at high energy, but the collisions do produce high energy density matter in the central rapidity region where most experimental measurements are made. What happens to the…
In very high energy collisions nuclei are practically transparent to each other but produce very hot, nearly baryon-free, matter in the so-called central rapidity region. The energy in the central rapidity region comes from the kinetic…
We present a model to compute baryon and meson transverse momentum distributions, and their ratios, in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The model allows to compute the probability to form colorless bound states of either two or three…
Central $^{136,124}$Xe$+^{124,112}$Sn collisions from INDRA data are analysed using a Bayesian inference on light nuclei multiplicities to estimate the thermodynamical parameters and in-medium modification of the cluster self-energies…
High energy heavy-ion collisions in laboratory produce a form of matter that can test Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, at high temperatures. One of the exciting possibilities is the existence of…
Theoretical and experimental studies of hot and/or dense matter, such as is created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, and encountered in compact objects in astrophysics, constitute one of the most active frontiers in nuclear physics. In…
An alternative, to the commonly used blast-wave, model describing the freeze-out hypersurface is applied to fit the $p_{T}$-spectra of identified hadrons measured at relativistic heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=62.4, 130$ and 200…
It is shown that the freezeout parameters estimated in the heavy-ion collisions all are well described by a constant value of the entropy density $s$ divided by $T^3$. The value of $s/T^3$ has been taken from the lattice QCD simulations at…
The energy and baryon densities in heavy ion collisions are estimated by analytically solving a 1+1 dimensional hydrodynamical model with source terms. Particularly, a competition between the energy and baryon sources and the expansion of…
Heavy-ion collisions provide a versatile terrestrial probe of the nuclear equation of state through the formation of nuclear matter at a wide variety of temperatures, densities, and pressures. Direct and indirect approaches for constraining…
We provide a method to test if hadrons produced in high energy heavy ion collisions were emitted at freeze-out from an equilibrium hadron gas. Our considerations are based on an ideal gas at fixed temperature $T_f$, baryon number density…
Particle yields in heavy ion collisions show an overwhelming evidence for chemical or relative chemical equilibrium at all beam energies. The rapidity dependence of the thermal parameters $T$ and $\mu_B$ can now be determined over a wide…
The first experimental results of a new quantum method for calculating nuclear temperature and density of fragmenting heavy ions is presented. This method is based on fluctuations in the event quadrupole momentum and fragment multiplicity…
One surprising result in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is that the abundance of various particles measured in experiments is consistent with the picture that they reach chemical equilibrium at a temperature much higher than the…