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As a space X-ray imaging mission dedicated to time-domain astrophysics, the Einstein Probe (EP) carries two kinds of scientific payloads, the wide-field X-ray telescope (WXT) and the follow-up X-ray telescope (FXT). FXT utilizes Wolter-I…

Hard X-ray detectors in space are prone to background signals due to the ubiquitous cosmic rays and cosmic diffuse background radiation that continuously bombards the satellites which carry the detectors. In general, the background…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Ritabrata Sarkar , Samir Mandal , Dipak Debnath , Tilak B. Kotoch , Anuj Nandi , A. R. Rao , Sandip K. Chakrabarti

We present an improved background model for the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) detectors on-board AstroSat. Because of the large collecting area and high pressure, the LAXPC instrument has a large background count rate, which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 H. M. Antia , P. C. Agrawal , Tilak Katoch , R. K. Manchanda , Kallol Mukerjee , Parag Shah

The anticipated high sensitivity and the science goals of the next generation X-ray space missions, like the International X-ray Observatory or Simbol-X, rely on a low instrumental background, which in turn requires optimized shielding…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-02 S. Hauf , M. Kuster , M. G. Pia , Z. Bell , U. Briel , R. Chipaux , D. H. H. Hoffmann , E. Kendziorra , P. Laurent , L. Strüder , C. Tenzer , G. Weidenspointer , A. Zoglauer

This is a White Paper in support of the mission concept of the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT), proposed as a medium-sized ESA mission. We discuss the potential of LOFT for the study of stellar flares. For a summary, we refer to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-01-13 S. A. Drake , E. Behar , J. G. Doyle , M. Güdel , K. Hamaguchi , A. F. Kowalski , T. Maccarone , R. A. Osten , U. Peretz , S. J. Wolk

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is a broad band X-ray astronomical satellite from 1 to 250 keV. Understanding the X-ray background in detail will help to achieve a good performance of the instrument. In this work, we make use of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-11 Fei Xie , Juan Zhang , Li-Ming Song , Shao-Lin Xiong , Ju Guan

The Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) is a forthcoming Chinese - French astrophysics space mission dedicated to the study of Gamma-ray bursts and high-energy transients. ECLAIRs, a wide-field hard X-ray coded mask imager, is the leading…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-27 Sujay Mate , Laurent Bouchet , Jean-Luc Atteia , Arnaud Claret , Bertrand Cordier , Nicolas Dagoneau , Olivier Godet , Aleksandra Gros , Stéphane Schanne , Henri Triou

This is a White Paper in support of the mission concept of the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT), proposed as a medium-sized ESA mission. We discuss the potential of LOFT for the study of high-energy radiation from thunderstorms and…

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXT) are a class of High-Mass X-ray Binaries whose optical counterparts are O or B supergiant stars, and whose X-ray outbursts are ~ 4 orders of magnitude brighter than the quiescent state. LOFT, the Large…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 P. Romano , E. Bozzo , P. Esposito , C. Ferrigno , V. Mangano

(Abridged) The Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-27 LAT Collaboration , W. B. Atwood

The main objective of the Wide Field Monitor (WFM) on the LOFT mission is to provide unambiguous detection of the high-energy sources in a large field of view, in order to support science operations of the LOFT primary instrument, the LAD.…

This is a White Paper in support of the mission concept of the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT), proposed as a medium-sized ESA mission. We discuss the potential of LOFT for the study of thermonuclear X-ray bursts on accreting…

This is a White Paper in support of the mission concept of the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT), proposed as a medium-sized ESA mission. We discuss the potential of LOFT for the study of active galactic nuclei. For a summary, we…

The Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission is an intelligent constellation consisting of 126 micro-satellites in three types (A, B, and C), designed for X-ray observation with the objective of studying the…

Methods.There are no experimental data about the background experienced by microcalorimeters in the L2 orbit, and thus the particle background levels were calculated by means of Monte Carlo simulations: we considered the original design…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-23 S. Lotti , D. Cea , C. Macculi , T. Mineo , L. Natalucci , E. Perinati , L. Piro , M. Federici , B. Martino

Large Area X-ray Propositional Counter (LAXPC) instrument on AstroSat is aimed at providing high time resolution X-ray observations in 3 to 80 keV energy band with moderate energy resolution. To achieve large collecting area, a cluster of…

We present the calibration and background model for the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) detectors on-board AstroSat. LAXPC instrument has three nominally identical detectors to achieve large collecting area. These detectors…

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), as a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) onboard the Einstein Probe (EP) satellite, is the first lobster-eye focusing X-ray telescope with a considerably large field-of-view (FoV)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-26 Huaqing Cheng , Hai-Wu Pan , Yuan Liu , Jingwei Hu , Haonan Yang , Donghua Zhao , Zhixing Ling , He-Yang Liu , Yifan Chen , Xiaojin Sun , Longhui Li , Ge Jin , Chen Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Weimin Yuan

Using the Geant4 toolkit, a Monte-Carlo code to simulate the detector background of the Simbol-X focal plane instrument has been developed with the aim to optimize the design of the instrument. Structural design models of the mirror and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-27 R. Chipaux , U. Briel , A. Bulgarelli , L. Foschini , E. Kendziorra , C. Klose , M. Kuster , P. Laurent , C. Tenzer

Insight-HXMT, the first X-ray astronomical satellite in China, aims to reveal new sources in the Galaxy and to study fundamental physics of X-ray binaries from 1\,keV to 250\,keV. It has three collimated telescopes, the High Energy X-ray…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-01 Juan Zhang , Xiaobo Li , Mingyu Ge , Haisheng Zhao , Youli Tuo , Fei Xie , Gang Li , Shijie Zheng , Jianyin Nie , Liming Song , Aimei Zhang , Yanji Yang , Yong Chen