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The hardness of the learning with errors (LWE) problem is one of the most fruitful resources of modern cryptography. In particular, it is one of the most prominent candidates for secure post-quantum cryptography. Understanding its quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Zvika Brakerski , Elena Kirshanova , Damien Stehlé , Weiqiang Wen

Our main result is a quantum public-key encryption scheme based on the Extrapolated Dihedral Coset problem (EDCP) which is equivalent, under quantum polynomial-time reductions, to the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem. For limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-28 Javad Doliskani

Learning with Errors is one of the fundamental problems in computational learning theory and has in the last years become the cornerstone of post-quantum cryptography. In this work, we study the quantum sample complexity of Learning with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Alex B. Grilo , Iordanis Kerenidis , Timo Zijlstra

We show polynomial-time quantum algorithms for the following problems: (*) Short integer solution (SIS) problem under the infinity norm, where the public matrix is very wide, the modulus is a polynomially large prime, and the bound of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-07 Yilei Chen , Qipeng Liu , Mark Zhandry

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem underlies modern lattice-based cryptography and is assumed to be quantum hard. Recent results show that estimating entanglement entropy is as hard as LWE, creating tension with quantum gravity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Yunfei Wang , Xin Jin , Junyu Liu

We show that the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is classically at least as hard as standard worst-case lattice problems, even with polynomial modulus. Previously this was only known under quantum reductions. Our techniques capture the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Zvika Brakerski , Adeline Langlois , Chris Peikert , Oded Regev , Damien Stehlé

The Learning-With-Errors (LWE) problem is a fundamental computational challenge with implications for post-quantum cryptography and computational learning theory. Here we propose a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm with Ising model to…

The Learning with Errors problem (LWE) is one of the main candidates for post-quantum cryptography. At Asiacrypt 2017, coded-BKW with sieving, an algorithm combining the Blum-Kalai-Wasserman algorithm (BKW) with lattice sieving techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Erik Mårtensson

We introduce a continuous analogue of the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, which we name CLWE. We give a polynomial-time quantum reduction from worst-case lattice problems to CLWE, showing that CLWE enjoys similar hardness guarantees to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Joan Bruna , Oded Regev , Min Jae Song , Yi Tang

In this work, we unveil an analogy between well-known lattice based learning with error problem and ill-posed inverse problems. We show that LWE problem is a structured inverse problem. Further, we propose a symmetric encryption scheme…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Gaurav Mittal

As quantum computing advances rapidly, guaranteeing the security of cryptographic protocols resistant to quantum attacks is paramount. Some leading candidate cryptosystems use the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, attractive for its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Liljana Babinkostova , Ariana Chin , Aaron Kirtland , Vladyslav Nazarchuk , Esther Plotnick

The Ring Learning-With-Errors (LWE) problem, whose security is based on hard ideal lattice problems, has proven to be a promising primitive with diverse applications in cryptography. There are however recent discoveries of faster algorithms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Qi Cheng , Jun Zhang , Jincheng Zhuang

We present the first explicit connection between quantum computation and lattice problems. Namely, we show a solution to the Unique Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) under the assumption that there exists an algorithm that solves the hidden…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Oded Regev

Some hard problems from lattices, like LWE (Learning with Errors), are particularly suitable for application in Cryptography due to the possibility of using worst-case to average-case reductions as evidence of strong security properties. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Rosemberg Silva , Antonio Campello , Ricardo Dahab

The "Ring Learning with Errors" (RLWE) problem was formulated as a variant of the "Learning with Errors" (LWE) problem, with the purpose of taking advantage of an additional algebraic structure in the underlying considered lattices; this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Juan Ramón Troncoso-Pastoriza , Fernando Pérez-González

The cryptosystem based on the Learning-with-Errors (LWE) problem is considered as a post-quantum cryptosystem, because it is not based on the factoring problem with large primes which is easily solved by a quantum computer. Moreover, the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Junsoo Kim , Hyungbo Shim , Kyoohyung Han

One of the founding results of lattice based cryptography is a quantum reduction from the Short Integer Solution problem to the Learning with Errors problem introduced by Regev. It has recently been pointed out by Chen, Liu and Zhandry that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-01 André Chailloux , Jean-Pierre Tillich

Lattice-based cryptography is a foundation for post-quantum security, with the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem as a core component in key exchange, encryption, and homomorphic computation. Structured variants like Ring-LWE (RLWE) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Dongfang Zhao

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is the fundamental backbone of modern lattice based cryptography, allowing one to establish cryptography on the hardness of well-studied computational problems. However, schemes based on LWE are often…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Charles Grover , Cong Ling , Roope Vehkalahti

Modern information communications use cryptography to keep the contents of communications confidential. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography, which are public-key cryptosystems, are widely used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Yuri Lucas Direbieski , Hiroki Tanioka , Kenji Matsuura , Hironori Takeuchi , Masahiko Sano , Tetsushi Ueta
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