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Non-Hermitian photonic systems are known to exhibit unique phenomena, where non-Hermiticity is typically introduced by material loss or gain. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate unidirectional phenomena solely based on…

In this article, we consider an interesting class of optical and other systems in which the interaction or coupling makes the systems to be $\cal{PT}$-symmetric. We aim to compare their dynamical behaviors with that of the usual $\cal{PT}$…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2016-08-24 S. Karthiga , V. K. Chandrasekar , M. Senthilvelan , M. Lakshmanan

We study mode properties in multimode optical waveguides with parity-time($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry. We find that two guiding modes with successive orders 2\emph{m}-1 and 2\emph{m} form a mode pair in the sense that the two components of the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-07-03 Changming Huang , Fangwei Ye , Xianfeng Chen

Non-Hermitian systems with parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry give rise to exceptional points (EPs) with exceptional properties that arise due to the coalescence of eigenvectors. Such systems have been extensively explored in the…

Evanescently coupled waveguide arrays provide a tabletop platform to realize a variety of Hamiltonians, where physical waveguides correspond to the individual sites of a tight-binding lattice. Nontrivial spatial structure of the waveguide…

A possible method to investigate non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is suggested through finding a Hermitian operator $\eta_+$ and defining the annihilation and creation operators to be $\eta_+$-pseudo-Hermitian adjoint to each other. The operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-06 Jun-Qing Li , Yan-Gang Miao , Zhao Xue

Recently, the study of non-Hermitian physics has attracted considerable attention. The modified bulk-boundary correspondence has been proposed to understand topological edge states in non-Hermitian static systems. Here we report a new…

Optics · Physics 2019-06-18 Bo Wang , Tian Chen , Xiangdong Zhang

We consider a parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$-) symmetric waveguide consisting of a localized gain and loss elements separated by a variable distance. The situation is modelled by a Schr\"odiner operator with localized complex…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-10-10 D. I. Borisov , D. A. Zezyulin

We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian quantum geometric tensor (QGT) governs nonlinear electrical responses in systems with a spectral line gap. The quantum metric, which is the symmetric component of the QGT and takes complex values in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Kai Chen , Jie Zhu

Higher-order exceptional points in the spectrum of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians describing open quantum or wave systems have a variety of potential applications in particular in optics and photonics. However, the experimental realization is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Jan Wiersig

We describe a method that allows for a practical application of the theory of pseudo-Hermitian operators to PT-symmetric systems defined on a complex contour. We apply this method to study the Hamiltonians $H=p^2+x^2(ix)^\nu$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ali Mostafazadeh

We study the breaking of reciprocity in non-Hermitian coupled photonic waveguides by the simultaneous action of the nonlinear effect of saturable absorption, and the presence of exceptional points. The nonlinear response of such a system is…

A review is given on the foundations and applications of non-Hermitian classical and quantum physics. First, key theorems and central concepts in non-Hermitian linear algebra, including Jordan normal form, biorthogonality, exceptional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Yuto Ashida , Zongping Gong , Masahito Ueda

Engineered non-Hermitian systems featuring exceptional points can lead to a host of extraordinary phenomena in diverse fields ranging from photonics, acoustics, opto-mechanics, electronics, to atomic physics. Here we introduce and present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Arkadev Roy , Saman Jahani , Qiushi Guo , Avik Dutt , Shanhui Fan , Mohammad-Ali Miri , Alireza Marandi

For a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H possessing a real spectrum, we introduce a canonical orthonormal basis in which a previously introduced unitary mapping of H to a Hermitian Hamiltonian h takes a simple form. We use this basis to construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Ali Mostafazadeh , Ahmet Batal

Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Kang Yang , Zhi Li , J. Lukas K. König , Lukas Rødland , Marcus Stålhammar , Emil J. Bergholtz

While a Hamiltonian can be both Hermitian and $PT$ symmetric, it is $PT$ symmetry that is the more general, as it can lead to real energy eigenvalues even if the Hamiltonian is not Hermitian. We discuss some specific ways in which $PT$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-30 Philip D. Mannheim

Using the method of point canonical transformation, we derive some exactly solvable rationally extended quantum Hamiltonians which are non-Hermitian in nature and whose bound state wave functions are associated with Laguerre- or Jacobi-type…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-11-08 Bikashkali Midya

Non-linear effects and non-Hermitian phenomena unveil additional intricate facets in topological matter physics. They can naturally intertwine to enable advanced functionalities in topoelectrical circuits and photonic structures. Here, we…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-27 Vlad Simonian , Daria A. Smirnova , Maxim A. Gorlach

Reversible exchange of photons between a material and an optical cavity can lead to the formation of hybrid light--matter states where material properties such as the work function\cite{Hutchison_AM2013a}, chemical…

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