Related papers: Numerical calculation of the runaway electron dist…
This Roadmap article addresses the critical and multifaceted challenge of plasma-facing component (PFC) damage caused by runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks, a phenomenon that poses a significant threat to the viability and longevity of…
A simple model for variability in relativistic plasma outflows is studied, in which nonthermal electrons are continuously and uniformly injected in the comoving frame over a time interval dt. The evolution of the electron distribution is…
A charged particle traversing a plasma loses its energy to both plasma electrons and ions. We compute the energy partition, the fractions $E_e/E_0$ and $E_\smI/E_0$ of the initial energy $E_0$ of this `impurity particle' that are deposited…
According to the standard scenario of plasma emission, escaping radiations are generated by the nonlinear development of the kinetic bump-on-tail instability driven by a single beam of energetic electrons interacting with plasmas. Here we…
Stochastic acceleration of charged particles due to interactions with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma waves is the dominant process leading to the formation of the high-energy electron and ion distributions in a variety of astrophysical…
Synchrotron radiation detected from relativistic astrophysical objects such as pulsar-wind nebulae and {jets from active galactic nuclei} depends on the magnetic fields and the distribution functions of energetic electrons in these systems.…
A gyrokinetic model is presented that can properly describe strong flows, large and small amplitude electromagnetic fluctuations occurring on scale lengths ranging from the electron Larmor radius to the equilibrium perpendicular pressure…
The boundary problem about behavior (oscillations) of the electronic plasmas with arbitrary degree of degeneration of electronic gas in half-space with specular boundary conditions is analytically solved. The kinetic equation of…
We investigate the effects of acceleration during non-linear electron-beam relaxation in magnetized plasma in the case of electron transport in solar flares. The evolution of electron distribution functions is computed using a…
Anomalous transport processes in which the variance of the distance travelled does not necessarily increase linearly with time are modelled using the formalism of continuous time random walks. We compute particle propagators which have the…
We discuss a semi-analytical solution of the transport equation for electrons at a non-relativistic shock in the presence of synchrotron energy losses. We calculate the spectrum of accelerated (test) particles at any point upstream and…
Solar flares are explosive releases of magnetic energy stored in the solar corona, driven by magnetic reconnection. These events accelerate electrons, generating hard X-ray emissions and often display Quasi Periodic Pulsations (QPPs) across…
Low frequency electromagnetic turbulence is generated in relativistically outflowing plasma that sweeps up particles from the surrounding environment. Electrons are energized by stochastic gyroresonant acceleration with the turbulence…
Solar flares are efficient particle accelerators with a large fraction of released magnetic energy (10-50%) converted into energetic particles such as hard X-ray producing electrons. This energy transfer process is not well constrained,…
The behaviour of a collisional plasma which is optically thin to cyclotron radiation is considered, and the distribution functions accessible to it on the various timescales in the system are calculated. Particular attention is paid to the…
We consider a relativistically moving blob consisting of an isotropic electron distribution that Compton-scatters photons from an external isotropic radiation field. We compute the resulting beaming pattern, i.e. the distribution of the…
An exact solution of the Dirac equation in the presence of an arbitrary electromagnetic plane wave is found, which corresponds to a focused electron wave packet, with the focus of the wave packet moving at the speed of light in the opposite…
Interactions between photons and electrons are ubiquitous in astrophysics. Photons can be down scattered (Compton scattering) or up scattered (inverse Compton scattering) by moving electrons. Inverse Compton scattering, in particular, is an…
In this study, the first observation of high-frequency instabilities driven by runaway electrons has been reported in the EXL-50 spherical torus using a high-frequency magnetic pickup coil. The central frequency of these instabilities is…
A non-relativistic Fokker-Planck equation for the electron distribution function is formulated incorporating the effects of stochastic acceleration by whistler-mode waves and Coulomb collisions. The stationary solution $f$ to the equation,…