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The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant challenges to privacy, particularly as network traffic analysis techniques evolve. While encryption protects data content, traffic attributes such as packet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Daniel Adu Worae , Spyridon Mastorakis

Tor is the most well-known tool for circumventing censorship. Unfortunately, Tor traffic has been shown to be detectable using deep-packet inspection. WebRTC is a popular web frame-work that enables browser-to-browser connections. Snowflake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Kyle MacMillan , Jordan Holland , Prateek Mittal

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

China's Great Firewall (GFW) exemplifies one of the most extensive and technologically sophisticated internet censorship frameworks worldwide. Serving as a cornerstone of state-directed digital governance, it integrates a multitude of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Li Li

Linear regression is arguably the most prominent among statistical inference methods, popular both for its simplicity as well as its broad applicability. On par with data-intensive applications, the sheer size of linear regression problems…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-29 Dimitris Berberidis , Vassilis Kekatos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Quantum information scrambling has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of chaotic quantum many-body systems, assessing benchmarking protocols, and even investigating exotic black hole models. During quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Kiran Adhikari

VPN adoption has seen steady growth over the past decade due to increased public awareness of privacy and surveillance threats. In response, certain governments are attempting to restrict VPN access by identifying connections using "dual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Diwen Xue , Reethika Ramesh , Arham Jain , Michalis Kallitsis , J. Alex Halderman , Jedidiah R. Crandall , Roya Ensafi

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks, which covertly monitor user communications to identify the web pages they visit, pose a serious threat to user privacy. Existing WF defenses attempt to reduce attack accuracy by disrupting traffic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siyuan Liang , Jiajun Gong , Tianmeng Fang , Aishan Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Ee-Chien Chang

Recent years have seen the Internet become a key vehicle for citizens around the globe to express political opinions and organize protests. This fact has not gone unnoticed, with countries around the world repurposing network management…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Shinyoung Cho , Rishab Nithyanand , Abbas Razaghpanah , Phillipa Gill

Embedding covert streams into a cover channel is a common approach to circumventing Internet censorship, due to censors' inability to examine encrypted information in otherwise permitted protocols (Skype, HTTPS, etc.). However, recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Haoyu Liu , Alec F. Diallo , Paul Patras

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly intertwined with critical industrial processes, yet contemporary IoT devices offer limited security features, creating a large new attack surface. Remote attestation is a well-known technique to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Mahmoud Ammar , Mahdi Washha , Gowri Sankar Ramachandran , Bruno Crispo

Internet censorship is typically enforced by authorities to achieve information control for a certain group of Internet users. So far existing censorship studies have primarily focused on country-level characterization because (1) in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xiaoqin Liang , Guannan Liu , Lin Jin , Shuai Hao , Haining Wang

As networks continue to expand and become more interconnected, the need for novel malware detection methods becomes more pronounced. Traditional security measures are increasingly inadequate against the sophistication of modern cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kyle Stein , Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

In most PUF-based authentication schemes, a central server is usually engaged to verify the response of the device's PUF to challenge bit-streams. However, the server availability may be intermittent in practice. To tackle such an issue,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Mohammad Ebrahimabadi , Mohamed Younis , Wassila Lalouani , Naghmeh Karimi

Federated learning promises to make machine learning feasible on distributed, private datasets by implementing gradient descent using secure aggregation methods. The idea is to compute a global weight update without revealing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Badih Ghazi , Rasmus Pagh , Ameya Velingker

A core technique used by popular proxy-based circumvention systems like Tor, Psiphon, and Lantern is to secretly share the IP addresses of circumvention proxies with the censored clients for them to be able to use such systems. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Milad Nasr , Sadegh Farhang , Amir Houmansadr , Jens Grossklags

Internet censorship continues to impact billions of people worldwide, and measurement of it remains an important focus of research. However, most Internet censorship measurements have focused solely on the IPv4 Internet infrastructure. Yet,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jack Wampler , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow

The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Network telescopes or "Darknets" provide a unique window into Internet-wide malicious activities associated with malware propagation, denial of service attacks, scanning performed for network reconnaissance, and others. Analyses of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Michalis Kallitsis , Vasant Honavar , Rupesh Prajapati , Dinghao Wu , John Yen

This paper identifies an intrusion surveillance framework which provides an analyst with the ability to investigate and monitor cyber-attacks in a covert manner. Where cyber-attacks are perpetrated for the purposes of espionage the ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Chris Chapman , Scott Knight , Tom Dean