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We consider the problem of enumerating the permutations containing exactly $k$ occurrences of a pattern of length 3. This enumeration has received a lot of interest recently, and there are a lot of known results. This paper presents an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Markus Fulmek

We present a method, illustrated by several examples, to find explicit counts of permutations containing a given multiset of three letter patterns. The method is recursive, depending on bijections to reduce to the case of a smaller…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Callan

Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Atli Fannar Franklín , Anders Claesson , Christian Bean , Henning Úlfarsson , Jay Pantone

In this paper, we compute the distributions of the statistic number of crossings over permutations avoiding one of the pairs $\{321,231\}$, $\{123,132\}$ and $\{123,213\}$. The obtained results are new combinatorial interpretations of two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Paul M. Rakotomamonjy , Sandrataniaina R. Andriantsoa , Arthur Randrianarivony

In [Kit1] Kitaev discussed simultaneous avoidance of two 3-patterns with no internal dashes, that is, where the patterns correspond to contiguous subwords in a permutation. In three essentially different cases, the numbers of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 T. Mansour , S. Kitaev

We consider a random permutation drawn from the set of 132-avoiding permutations of length $n$ and show that the number of occurrences of another pattern $\sigma$ has a limit distribution, after scaling by $n^{\lambda(\sigma)/2}$ where…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Svante Janson

There is a deep connection between permutations and trees. Certain sub-structures of permutations, called sub-permutations, bijectively map to sub-trees of binary increasing trees. This opens a powerful tool set to study enumerative and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Filippo Disanto , Thomas Wiehe

The method we have applied in "A. Bernini, L. Ferrari, R. Pinzani, Enumerating permutations avoiding three Babson-Steingrimsson patterns, Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 137--162" to count pattern avoiding permutations is adapted to words. As an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-11-22 Antonio Bernini , Luca Ferrari , Renzo Pinzani

We consider the two permutation statistics which count the distinct pairs obtained from the last two terms of occurrences of patterns t_1...t_{m-2}m(m-1) and t_1...t_{m-2}(m-1)m in a permutation, respectively. By a simple involution in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Astrid Reifegerste

Jacobi permutations, introduced by Viennot in the context of Jacobi elliptic functions, are counted by the Euler numbers $E_{n}$ appearing in the series expansion $\sec x+\tan x=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}E_{n}x^{n}/n!$. We conduct a systematic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Alyssa G. Henke , Kyle R. Hoffman , Derek H. Stephens , Yongwei Yuan , Yan Zhuang

We develop a new, powerful method for counting elements in a multiset. As a first application, we use this algorithm to study the number of occurrences of patterns in a permutation. For patterns of length 3 there are two Wilf classes, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Andrew R Conway , Anthony J Guttmann

Using techniques from Poisson approximation, we prove explicit error bounds on the number of permutations that avoid any pattern. Most generally, we bound the total variation distance between the joint distribution of pattern occurrences…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Harry Crane , Stephen DeSalvo

We consider the enumeration of pattern-avoiding involutions, focusing in particular on sets defined by avoiding a single pattern of length 4. As we demonstrate, the numerical data for these problems demonstrates some surprising behavior.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-15 Miklós Bóna , Cheyne Homberger , Jay Pantone , Vincent Vatter

Comtet introduced the notion of indecomposable permutations in 1972. A permutation is indecomposable if and only if it has no proper prefix which is itself a permutation. Indecomposable permutations were studied in the literature in various…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Alice L. L. Gao , Sergey Kitaev , Philip B. Zhang

This paper studies permutation statistics that count occurrences of patterns. Their expected values on a product of $t$ permutations chosen randomly from $\Gamma \subseteq S_{n}$, where $\Gamma$ is a union of conjugacy classes, are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Jonna Gill

Babson and Steingr\'{\i}msson introduced generalized permutation patterns that allow the requirement that two adjacent letters in a pattern must be adjacent in the permutation. Claesson presented a complete solution for the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Anders Claesson , Toufik Mansour

We initiate the study of limit shapes for random permutations avoiding a given pattern. Specifically, for patterns of length 3, we obtain delicate results on the asymptotics of distributions of positions of numbers in the permutations. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Sam Miner , Igor Pak

We complete the enumeration of Dumont permutations of the second kind avoiding a pattern of length 4 which is itself a Dumont permutation of the second kind. We also consider some combinatorial statistics on Dumont permutations avoiding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander Burstein , Sergi Elizalde , Toufik Mansour

We exploit Krattenthaler's bijection between the set $S_n(3\textrm{-}1\textrm{-}2)$ of permutations in $S_n$ avoiding the classical pattern $3\textrm{-}1\textrm{-}2$ and Dyck $n$-paths to study the distribution of every consecutive pattern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-04-02 M. Barnabei , F. Bonetti , M. Silimbani

We study the descent distribution over the set of centrosymmetric permutations that avoid the pattern of length 3. Our main tool in the most puzzling case, namely, $\tau=123$ and $n$ even, is a bijection that associates a Dyck prefix of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-14 Marilena Barnabei , Flavio Bonetti , Matteo Silimbani