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One of the primary reasons behind the difficulty in observing the Unruh effect is that for achievable acceleration scales the finite temperature effects are significant only for the low frequency modes of the field. Since the density of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-13 D. Jaffino Stargen , Kinjalk Lochan

In this work we consider the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge group into $U(1)_{em}$ taken place in the Standard Model of particle physics as seen from the point of view of an accelerating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Antonio Dobado

We investigate the interaction between a moving detector and a quantum field, especially about how the trajectory of the detector would affect the vacuum fluctuations when the detector is moves in a quantum field (the Unruh effect). We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 I-Chin Wang

We analyze the response of an Unruh-DeWitt detector moving along an unbounded spatial trajectory in a two-dimensional spatial plane with constant independent magnitudes of both the four-acceleration and of a timelike proper time derivative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-17 Shohreh Abdolrahimi

In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Alexandre Deur , Stanley J. Brodsky , Craig D. Roberts , Balša Terzić

Minkowski vacuum is empty from the perspective of Unruh-Minkowski photons, however, in the Rindler picture, it is filled with entangled pairs of Rindler photons. A ground-state atom uniformly accelerated through Minkowski vacuum can become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Anatoly A. Svidzinsky , Marlan O. Scully , William Unruh

We analyse the excitations and de-excitations of an inertial Unruh-DeWitt detector in the $(1+1)$-dimensional expanding Milne cosmology with compact spatial sections, coupled to a real massless scalar field with either untwisted or twisted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-01 Adam S. Wilkinson , Jorma Louko

It is shown that the Unruh effect, i.e. the increase in temperature indicated by a uniformly accelerated thermometer in an inertial vacuum state of a quantum field, cannot be interpreted as the result of an exchange of heat with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-08 Detlev Buchholz , Rainer Verch

We study, using Rindler coordinates, the quantization of a charged scalar field interacting with a constant, external, electric field. First we establish the expression of the Schwinger vacuum decay rate, using the operator formalism. Then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Cl. Gabriel , Ph. Spindel

In this work we consider a quantum analog of Newton's bucket experiment in a flat spacetime: we take an Unruh-DeWitt detector in interaction with a real massless scalar field. We calculate the detector's excitation rate when it is uniformly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. D. M. De Paola , N. F. Svaiter

We construct a smooth trajectory in Minkowski spacetime that is inertial in the asymptotic past and future but undergoes approximately uniform acceleration for a finite duration. In a suitable limit, this trajectory reduces to the standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Nitesh K. Dubey , Sanved Kolekar

We study successive Rindler-like transformations in Minkowski spacetime and the corresponding sequence of vacuum states perceived by observers restricted to respective wedges. Extending the standard Rindler construction to an $n$-fold…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-24 Nitesh K. Dubey , Jaswanth Uppalapati , Sanved Kolekar

Quantum radiated power emitted by an Unruh-DeWitt (UD) detector in linear oscillatory motion in (3+1)D Minkowski space, with the internal harmonic oscillator minimally coupled to a massless scalar field, is obtained non-perturbatively by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-06 Shih-Yuin Lin

We present a method for relating the transition rate of an accelerated Unruh-deWitt detector to the rate of the same detector when stationary in Minkowski space. Furthermore, we show that when using the detector as a model for decay, its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-02 Wim Beenakker , David Venhoek

It has been proved in the context of quantum fields in Minkowski spacetime that the vacuum state is a thermal state according to uniformly accelerated observers -- a seminal result known as the Unruh effect. Recent claims, however, have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-16 Cesar A. Uliana Lima , Frederico Brito , José A. Hoyos , Daniel A. T. Vanzella

A uniformly accelerated detector (Unruh detector) in the Minkowski vacuum is excited as if it is exposed to the thermal bath with temperature proportional to its acceleration. In the inertial frame, since both of an excitation and a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-06-21 S. Iso , K. Yamamoto , S. Zhang

Quantum entanglement of the Minkowski vacuum state between left and right Rindler wedges generates thermal behavior in the right Rindler wedge, which is known as the Unruh effect. In this letter, we show that there is another consequence of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-09 Satoshi Iso , Rumi Tatsukawa , Kazushige Ueda , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

We consider two-level detectors, coupled to a quantum scalar field, moving inside cavities. We highlight some pathological resonant effects due to abrupt boundaries, and decide to describe the cavity by switching smoothly the interaction by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Nathaniel Obadia

We analyse a quantum observer who falls geodesically towards the Cauchy horizon of a $(1+1)$-dimensional eternal black hole spacetime with the global structure of the non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution. The observer interacts with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-15 Benito A. Juárez-Aubry , Jorma Louko

We propose a scalar background in Minkowski spacetime imparting constant proper acceleration to a classical particle. In contrast to the case of a constant electric field the proposed scalar potential does not create particle-antiparticle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 A. M. Fedotov , N. B. Narozhny , V. D. Mur , V. A. Belinski
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