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A connected graph $G$ with at least $2m+2n+2$ vertices is said to have property $E(m,n)$ if, for any two disjoint matchings $M$ and $N$ of size $m$ and $n$ respectively, $G$ has a perfect matching $F$ such that $M\subseteq F$ and $N\cap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-04 Qiuli Li , Heping Zhang

We prove that for every $n$, there is a graph $G$ with $\chi(G) \geq n$ and $\omega(G) \leq 3$ such that every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ with $\omega(H) \leq 2$ satisfies $\chi(H) \leq 4$. This disproves a well-known conjecture. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Alvaro Carbonero , Patrick Hompe , Benjamin Moore , Sophie Spirkl

We show that every plane graph with maximum face size four whose all faces of size four are vertex-disjoint is cyclically 5-colorable. This answers a question of Albertson whether graphs drawn in the plane with all crossings independent are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-18 Daniel Král' , Ladislav Stacho

We describe an algorithm for generating all $k$-critical $\mathcal H$-free graphs, based on a method of Ho\`{a}ng et al. Using this algorithm, we prove that there are only finitely many $4$-critical $(P_7,C_k)$-free graphs, for both $k=4$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-14 Jan Goedgebeur , Oliver Schaudt

A matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is uniquely restricted if no other matching in $G$ covers the same set of vertices. We prove that any connected subcubic graph with $n$ vertices and girth at least $5$ contains a uniquely restricted matching of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Maximilian Fürst , Dieter Rautenbach

A graph G is (a:b)-colorable if there exists an assignment of b-element subsets of {1,...,a} to vertices of G such that sets assigned to adjacent vertices are disjoint. We first show that for every triangle-free planar graph G and a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Zdeněk Dvořák , Xiaolan Hu

We prove the following theorem. Let $r\ge 4$ be an integer, and $G$ be a $K_{1,r}$-free $r$-edge-connected $r$-regular graph. Then, for every set $W$ of even number of vertices of $G$ such that the distance between any two vertices of $W$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Yoshimi Egawa , Mikio Kano , Kenta Ozeki

A \emph{self-complementary} graph is a graph isomorphic to its complement. An isomorphism between $G$ and its complement, viewed as a permutation of $V(G)$, is then called an \emph{antimorphism}. A \emph{skew partition} of $G$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-29 Nicolas Trotignon

Proper graph coloring assigns different colors to adjacent vertices of the graph. Usually, the number of colors is fixed or as small as possible. Consider applications (e.g. variants of scheduling) where colors represent limited resources…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Tomáš Masařík

A proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\dots,t$ is called a cyclic interval $t$-coloring if for each vertex $v$ of $G$ the edges incident to $v$ are colored by consecutive colors, under the condition that color $1$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Petros A. Petrosyan

We call a graph $G$ pancyclic if it contains at least one cycle of every possible length $m$, for $3\le m\le |V(G)|$. In this paper, we define a new property called chorded pancyclicity. We explore forbidden subgraphs in claw-free graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Megan Cream , Ronald J. Gould , Victor Larsen

The square of a graph $G$, denoted $G^2$, has the same vertex set as $G$ and has an edge between two vertices if the distance between them in $G$ is at most $2$. Thomassen [12] showed that $\chi(G^2) \leq 7$ if $G$ is a subcubic planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Seog-Jin Kim , Xiaopan Lian , Atsuhiro Nakamoto , Kenta Ozeki

By the Grunbaum-Aksenov Theorem (extending Grotzsch's Theorem) every planar graph with at most three triangles is 3-colorable. However, there are infinitely many planar 4-critical graphs with exactly four triangles. We describe all such…

We study finite four-valent graphs Gamma admitting an edge-transitive group G of automorphisms such that G determines and preserves an edge-orientation on Gamma, and such that at least one G-normal quotient is a cycle (a quotient modulo the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Jehan A. Al-bar , Ahmad N. Al-kenani , Najat Mohammad Muthana , Cheryl E. Praeger

A graph $G$ is $(d_1,\ldots,d_k)$-colorable if its vertex set can be partitioned into $k$ sets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$, such that for each $i\in\{1, \ldots, k\}$, the subgraph of $G$ induced by $V_i$ has maximum degree at most $d_i$. The Four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-18 Ilkyoo Choi , Louis Esperet

The quadratic embedding constant (QEC) of a graph $G$ is a new numeric invariant, which is defined in terms of the distance matrix and is denoted by $\mathrm{QEC}(G)$. By observing graph structure of the maximal cliques (clique graph), we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Edy Tri Baskoro , Nobuaki Obata

Fix g>1. Every graph of large enough tree-width contains a g x g grid as a minor; but here we prove that every four-edge-connected graph of large enough tree-width contains a g x g grid as an immersion (and hence contains any fixed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-06 Maria Chudnovsky , Zdeněk Dvořák , Tereza Klimošová , Paul Seymour

For any graphs $G$ and $H$, we say that a bound is of Vizing-type if $\gamma(G\square H)\geq c \gamma(G)\gamma(H)$ for some constant $c$. We show several bounds of Vizing-type for graphs $G$ with forbidden induced subgraphs. In particular,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-16 Elliot Krop , Pritul Patel , Gaspar Porta

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

This paper gives tight upper bounds on the largest eigenvalue q(G) of the signless Laplacian of graphs with no 4-cycle and no 5-cycle. If n is odd, let F_{n} be the friendship graph of order n; if n is even, let F_{n} be F_{n-1} with an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-08 Maria Aguieiras A. de Freitas , Vladimir Nikiforov , Laura Patuzzi