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The rapidly improving quality and resolution of both low surface brightness observations and cosmological simulations of galaxies enables one to address the important question how the formation history is imprinted in the outer, unrelaxed…
Stellar streams from disrupted globular clusters are excellent probes of dark matter (DM) subhalos. Observed Milky Way streams display a remarkable diversity of features: spurs, gaps, kinks, cocoons, and density variations, many attributed…
Context. New-generation cosmological simulations are providing huge amounts of data, whose analysis becomes itself a cutting-edge computational problem. In particular, the identification of gravitationally bound structures, known as halo…
We analyze the orbits of stars and dark matter particles in the halo of a disk galaxy formed in a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. The halo is oblate within the inner ~20 kpc and triaxial beyond this radius. About 43% of orbits are…
N-body simulations suggest that the substructures that survive inside dark matter haloes follow universal distributions in mass and radial number density. We demonstrate that a simple analytical model can explain these subhalo distributions…
Accurately predicting the abundance and structural evolution of dark matter subhaloes is crucial for understanding galaxy formation, modeling galaxy clustering, and constraining the nature of dark matter. Due to the nonlinear nature of…
We examine subhaloes and galaxies residing in a simulated LCDM galaxy cluster ($M^{\rm crit}_{200}=1.1\times10^{15}M_\odot/h$) produced by hydrodynamical codes ranging from classic Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), newer SPH codes,…
[Abridged] Within the hierarchical framework for galaxy formation, minor merging and tidal interactions are expected to shape all large galaxies to the present day. As a consequence, most seemingly normal disk galaxies should be surrounded…
Cosmological simulations are essential for inferring cosmological and galaxy population properties based on forward-modelling, but this typically requires finding the population of (sub)haloes and galaxies that they contain. The properties…
The structural and dynamic properties of the dark matter halos, though an important ingredient in understanding large-scale structure formation, require more conservative particle resolution than those required by halo mass alone in a…
We present a brief history of Galactic astrophysics, and explain the origin of halo substructure in the Galaxy. We motivate our study of tidal streams by highlighting the tight constraints that analysis of the trajectories of tidal streams…
We present an algorithm which is designed to allow the efficient identification and preliminary dynamical analysis of thousands of structures and substructures in large N-body simulations. First we utilise a refined density gradient system…
Dark matter subhaloes are key for the predictions of simulations of structure formation, but their existence frequently ends prematurely due to two technical issues, namely numerical disruption in N-body simulations and halo finders failing…
To gain understanding of the complicated, non-linear and numerical processes associated with the tidal evolution of dark matter subhaloes in numerical simulation, we perform a large suite of idealized simulations that follow individual…
We characterize substructure in the simulated stellar halos of Cooper et al. (2010) which were formed by the disruption of satellite galaxies within the cosmological N-body simulations of galactic halos of the Aquarius Project. These…
We have simulated the evolution of tidal debris in the Galactic halo in order to guide our ongoing survey to determine the fraction of halo mass accreted via satellite infall. Contrary to naive expectations that the satellite debris will…
There is hope to discover dark matter subhalos free of stars (predicted by the current theory of structure formation) by observing gaps they produce in tidal streams. In fact, this is the most promising technique for dark substructure…
I present an organic description of the regimes of collisionless tidal streams and define the orderings between the physical quantities that shape their morphology. Three fundamental dichotomies are identified in the form of dimensionless…
The predicted abundance and properties of the low-mass substructures embedded inside larger dark matter haloes differ sharply among alternative dark matter models. Too small to host galaxies themselves, these subhaloes may still be detected…
(Abridged) We use cosmological N-body simulations to study the properties of substructure halos in galaxy-sized dark matter halos. We extend prior work on the subject by considering the whole population of subhalos physically associated…