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In this chapter I give an overview of shock acceleration, including a discussion of the maximum energies possible and the shape of the spectrum near cut-off, interactions of high energy cosmic rays with, and propagation through, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. J. Protheroe

Here an attempt is made at summarizing the presentations, most of which were about the highest energy particles observed in nature. Particular attention is paid to the solutions to the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray particles, to the new and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Enrique Zas

The ISVHECRI conference series emphasizes the connection between high energy physics and cosmic ray physics--the study of elementary particles and nuclei from accelerators in the lab and from space. In this introductory paper on cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-11-10 Thomas K. Gaisser

We present a brief introduction to the physics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), concentrating on the experimental results obtained so far and on what, from these results, can be inferred about the sources of UHECRs.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel De Marco

The study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has recently experienced a jump in statistics as well as improved instrumentation. This has allowed a better sensitivity in searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-15 O. Deligny , J. de Mello Neto , P. Sommers , H. Sagawa , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , A. lvanov , L. Timofeev

We briefly review the status of cosmic ray studies between $10^{14}$ eV and the highest observed energies, namely a few times $10^{20}$ eV. Because of the rather low incident fluxes in this energy range, the studies mostly rely on ground…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Murat Boratav , Alan A. Watson

In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Diego F. Torres , Luis A. Anchordoqui

This rapport summarizes the cosmic-ray indirect (CRI) session of the 36th ICRC conference. Updated measurements from several air-shower arrays with higher precision lead to the discovery of new features in the energy spectrum: HAWC measures…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-10 Frank G. Schröder

The status of the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays is summarized, from the point of view of the latest results of the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) Experiment. HiRes results are presented, and compared with those of the Akeno Giant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 P. Sokolsky , G. B. Thomson

In this paper, prepared for the Physics in Collisions 2008 Conference, the most recent results on UHECRs from earth-based observatories are exposed and reviewed.

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-10-31 Sergio Petrera

I discuss recent advances being made in the physics and astrophysics of cosmic rays and cosmic gamma-rays at the highest observed energies as well as the related physics and astrophysics of very high energy cosmic neutrinos. I also discuss…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. W. Stecker

The energy spectra of ultra high energy cosmic rays reported by the AGASA, Fly's Eye, Haverah Park, HiRes, and Yakutsk experiments are all shown to be in agreement with each other for energies below 10^{20} eV (after small adjustments,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-01-28 John N. Bahcall , Eli Waxman

The physics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays will be reviewed, discussing the latest experimental results and theoretical models aiming at explaining the observations in terms of spectra, mass composition and possible sources. It will be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Roberto Aloisio

This article is the rapporteur's summary of the cosmic ray indirect sessions of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Nagoya, Japan. The rapporteur highlights cosmic ray indirect observatories around the world, and reviews a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-01 Toshihiro Fujii

We review the main experimental evidences on ultra high energy cosmic rays and their implications in the physics of these extremely energetic particles, also in connection with dark matter and cosmology. We discuss the basis of theoretical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-01 Roberto Aloisio

We explore the influence of new physics on extremely high energy cosmic ray (EXCER) particles. In particular, we devote our mind to one example of new physics, unparticle stuff, on one specific process that EXECRs participate in, photopion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-06-16 Shao-Xia Chen , Rong Hu

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with primary energies above 1.6 x 10^(18) eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-04-12 T. Abu-Zayyad , R. Aida , M. Allen , R. Anderson , R. Azuma , E. Barcikowski , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , S. A. Blake , R. Cady , B. G. Cheon , J. Chiba , M. Chikawa , E. J. Cho , W. R. Cho , H. Fujii , T. Fujii , T. Fukuda , M. Fukushima , W. Hanlon , K. Hayashi , Y. Hayashi , N. Hayashida , K. Hibino , K. Hiyama , K. Honda , T. Iguchi , D. Ikeda , K. Ikuta , N. Inoue , T. Ishii , R. Ishimori , D. Ivanov , S. Iwamoto , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , T. Kanbe , K. Kasahara , H. Kawai , S. Kawakami , S. Kawana , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , H. K. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , K. Kitamoto , S. Kitamura , Y. Kitamura , K. Kobayashi , Y. Kobayashi , Y. Kondo , K. Kuramoto , V. Kuzmin , Y. J. Kwon , J. Lan , S. I. Lim , S. Machida , K. Martens , T. Matsuda , T. Matsuura , T. Matsuyama , J. N. Matthews , M. Minamino , K. Miyata , Y. Murano , I. Myers , K. Nagasawa , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamura , S. W. Nam , T. Nonaka , S. Ogio , M. Ohnishi , H. Ohoka , K. Oki , D. Oku , T. Okuda , A. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , M. S. Pshirkov , D. C. Rodriguez , S. Y. Roh , G. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , N. Sakurai , A. L. Sampson , L. M. Scott , P. D. Shah , F. Shibata , T. Shibata , H. Shimodaira , B. K. Shin , J. I. Shin , T. Shirahama , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , S. R. Stratton , T. A. Stroman , S. Suzuki , Y. Takahashi , M. Takeda , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , H. Tanaka , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , H. Tokuno , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , K. Tsutsumi , Y. Tsuyuguchi , Y. Uchihori , S. Udo , H. Ukai , G. Vasiloff , Y. Wada , T. Wong , M. Wood , Y. Yamakawa , R. Yamane , H. Yamaoka , K. Yamazaki , J. Yang , Y. Yoneda , S. Yoshida , H. Yoshii , X. Zhou , R. Zollinger , Z. Zundel

In this report a summary of recent developments in the fields of high-energy nuclear interactions (HE 1) and air shower phenomenology (HE 2) is presented. New results from accelerator and cosmic-ray experiments and the progress in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Knapp

Recent results from the KASCADE experiment on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the knee are presented. Emphasis is placed on energy spectra of individual mass groups as obtained from an two-dimensional unfolding applied to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 K. -H. Kampert

We review progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics focusing on recent experimental results and models developed for their interpretation. Emphasis is put on the propagation of charged cosmic rays, covering the whole range from $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-16 M. Kachelriess , D. V. Semikoz