Related papers: Absolute Calibration of a Large-diameter Light Sou…
We describe a method to measure the spectral radiance of a source in an absolute way without the need of a reference. Here we give the necessary detail to allow for the device to be reproduced from standard fiber-optic components. The…
The spectrophotometric flux calibration of recent spectroscopic surveys has reached a limiting systematic precision of approximately 1-3 percent, and is often biased near the wavelengths associated with H I Balmer absorption. As we prepare…
At the southern site of the Pierre Auger Observatory, which is close to completion, an exposure that significantly exceeds the largest forerunner experiments has already been accumulated. We report a measurement of the cosmic ray energy…
All observations by the aperture photometer (PHT-P) and the far-infrared (FIR) camera section (PHT-C) of ISOPHOT included reference measurements against stable internal fine calibration sources (FCS) to correct for temporal drifts in…
The isophotal wavelengths, flux densities, and AB magnitudes for Vega (alpha Lyr) are presented for the Mauna Kea Observatories near-infrared filter set. We show that the near-infrared absolute calibration for Vega determined by Cohen et…
A measurement of the absolute fluorescence yield of the 337 nm nitrogen band, relevant to ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) detectors, is reported. Two independent calibrations of the fluorescence emission induced by a 120 GeV proton…
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above 10$^{18.5}$ eV. Currently the first part of the Observatory nears completion in the southern hemisphere in Argentina. One…
Long cylinders, such as optical fibers, are some of the most widely used photonic devices. The radius and refractive index of these fibers are therefore fundamentally important parameters in determining their performance. We have developed…
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a facility designed for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The Observatory combines two different types of detectors: a surface array of 1600 water Cherenkov stations placed on a 1.5 km triangular…
In this article we present an evaluation of the uncertainty in the average number of photoelectrons, which is important for the calibration of photodetectors. We show that the statistical uncertainty depends on light intensity, and on the…
A high-precision calibration method for all-sky cameras has been realized using images from the Ali observatory in Tibet, providing application results for atmospheric extinction, night sky brightness, and known variable stars. This method…
Precision photometric calibration is key to a number of astrophysical research areas such as supernova cosmology and dark energy studies. In the age of large surveys, pushing the limits of photometry is a worthy challenge, with traditional…
Squeezed states of light belong to the most prominent nonclassical resources. They have compelling applications in metrology, which has been demonstrated by their routine exploitation for improving the sensitivity of a gravitational-wave…
We report an experimental measurement of a light wavelength at which the ac electric polarizability equals zero for 87Rb atoms in the F=2 ground hyperfine state. The experiment uses a condensate interferometer both to find this 'tune-out'…
We review the systematic uncertainties that have plagued attempts to obtain high precision and high accuracy from ground-based photometric measurements using CCDs. We identify two main challenges in breaking through the 1% precision…
Self-calibrating and dual-slope measurements have been used in the field of diffuse optics for robust assessment of absolute values or temporal changes in the optical properties of highly scattering media and biological tissue. These…
Optical quantum computing, as well as quantum communication and sensing technology based on quantum correlations are in preparation. These require photodiodes for the detection of about 10^16 photons per second with close to perfect quantum…
Transforming the instrumental photometry of ground-based telescopes into a calibrated physical flux in a well-defined passband is a major challenge in astronomy. Along with the intrinsic instrumental difference between telescopes sharing…
The photometric errors of the external calibrator for the FIRAS instrument on the COBE are smaller than the measurement errors on the cosmic microwave background (CMBR) spectrum (typically 0.02 MJy/sr, 1 sigma), and smaller than 0.01% of…
Absolute normalisation of the LHC measurements with O(1%) precision and their relative normalisation, for the data collected at variable centre-of-mass energies, or for variable beam particle species, with O(0.1%) precision is crucial for…