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In the last two decades, tools have been implemented to more formally specify the semantic analysis phase of a compiler instead of relying on handwritten code. In this paper, we introduce patterns and a method to translate a formal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Uwe Meyer , Björn Pfarr

Recently, sign language researchers have turned to sign language interpreted TV broadcasts, comprising (i) a video of continuous signing and (ii) subtitles corresponding to the audio content, as a readily available and large-scale source of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Liliane Momeni , Hannah Bull , K R Prajwal , Samuel Albanie , Gül Varol , Andrew Zisserman

We introduce ontology-to-tools compilation as a proof-of-principle mechanism for coupling large language models (LLMs) with formal domain knowledge. Within The World Avatar (TWA), ontological specifications are compiled into executable tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaochi Zhou , Patrick Bulter , Changxuan Yang , Simon D. Rihm , Thitikarn Angkanaporn , Jethro Akroyd , Sebastian Mosbach , Markus Kraft

Legacy scientific workflows, and the services within them, often present scarce and unstructured (i.e. textual) descriptions. This makes it difficult to find, share and reuse them, thus dramatically reducing their value to the community.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-07-02 Beatriz García-Jiménez , Mark D. Wilkinson

It is widely recognized that the proliferation of annotation schemes runs counter to the need to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. To answer this need, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-16 Nancy Ide , Laurent Romary , Tomaz Erjavec

Nowadays, the need for system interoperability in or across enterprises has become more and more ubiquitous. Lots of research works have been carried out in the information exchange, transformation, discovery and reuse. One of the main…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-11-17 Y. Liao , M. Lezoche , H. Panetto , N. Boudjlida , Eduardo Rocha Loures

Although the annotation paradigm based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant breakthroughs in recent years, its actual deployment still has two core bottlenecks: first, the cost of calling commercial APIs in large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yao Lu , Zhaiyuan Ji , Jiawei Du , Yu Shanqing , Qi Xuan , Tianyi Zhou

We describe Artemis (Annotation methodology for Rich, Tractable, Extractive, Multi-domain, Indicative Summarization), a novel hierarchical annotation process that produces indicative summaries for documents from multiple domains. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Rahul Jha , Keping Bi , Yang Li , Mahdi Pakdaman , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ivan Zhiboedov , Kieran McDonald

Rapid growth of documents, web pages, and other types of text content is a huge challenge for the modern content management systems. One of the problems in the areas of information storage and retrieval is the lacking of semantic data.…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Mona Dadjoo , Esmaeil Kheirkhah

As Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities advance, the demand for high-quality annotation of exponentially increasing text corpora has outpaced human capacity, leading to the widespread adoption of LLMs in automatic evaluation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jiayu Wang , Junyoung Lee

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the task of associating a word in a given context with its most suitable meaning among a set of possible candidates. While the task has recently witnessed renewed interest, with systems achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Andrei Stefan Bejgu , Edoardo Barba , Luigi Procopio , Alberte Fernández-Castro , Roberto Navigli

A critical challenge faced by supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the lack of large annotated datasets with sufficient coverage of words in their diversity of senses. This inspired recent research on few-shot WSD using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Yingjun Du , Nithin Holla , Xiantong Zhen , Cees G. M. Snoek , Ekaterina Shutova

This work falls in the areas of information retrieval and semantic web, and aims to improve the evaluation of web search tools. Indeed, the huge number of information on the web as well as the growth of new inexperienced users creates new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Abdelkrim Bouramoul , Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi , Bich-Liên Doan

Understanding the meaning of words is crucial for many tasks that involve human-machine interaction. This has been tackled by research in Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. Recently, WSD and many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 María G. Buey , Carlos Bobed , Jorge Gracia , Eduardo Mena

Automatic summarization has consistently attracted attention due to its versatility and wide application in various downstream tasks. Despite its popularity, we find that annotation efforts have largely been disjointed, and have lacked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Noam Dahan , Gabriel Stanovsky

Large amounts of annotated data have become more important than ever, especially since the rise of deep learning techniques. However, manual annotations are costly. We propose a tool that enables researchers to create large, high-quality,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Franziska Weeber , Felix Hamborg , Karsten Donnay , Bela Gipp

Manual annotation of textual documents is a necessary task when constructing benchmark corpora for training and evaluating machine learning algorithms. We created a comprehensive directory of annotation tools that currently includes 93…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Mariana Neves , Jurica Seva

This paper studies the effects of word-level linguistic annotations in under-resourced neural machine translation, for which there is incomplete evidence in the literature. The study covers eight language pairs, different training corpus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz , Felipe Sánchez-Martínez

One of the elements of legal research is looking for cases where judges have extended the meaning of a legal concept by providing interpretations of what a concept means or does not mean. This allow legal professionals to use such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Aleksander Smywiński-Pohl , Tomer Libal , Adam Kaczmarczyk , Magdalena Król

Given a patent document, identifying distinct semantic annotations is an interesting research aspect. Text annotation helps the patent practitioners such as examiners and patent attorneys to quickly identify the key arguments of any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Renukswamy Chikkamath , Vishvapalsinhji Ramsinh Parmar , Christoph Hewel , Markus Endres