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In this paper we use the relation of the index of an infinite aperiodic word and its recurrence function to give another characterization of Sturmian words. As a byproduct, we give a new proof of theorem describing the index of a Sturmian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-05 Zuzana Masáková , Edita Pelantová

An S-adic expansion of an infinite word is a way of writing it as the limit of an infinite product of substitutions (i.e., morphisms of a free monoid). Such a description is related to continued fraction expansions of numbers and vectors. A…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Valérie Berthé , Vincent Delecroix

Model checking properties are often described by means of finite automata. Any particular such automaton divides the set of infinite trees into finitely many classes, according to which state has an infinite run. Building the full type…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Klaus Aehlig

Finite dynamical systems (FDSs) are commonly used to model systems with a finite number of states that evolve deterministically and at discrete time steps. Considered up to isomorphism, those correspond to functional graphs. As such, FDSs…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Émile Naquin , Maximilien Gadouleau

In this paper, we study the fibers of "automorphic word maps", a certain generalization of word maps, on finite groups and on nonabelian finite simple groups in particular. As an application, we derive a structural restriction on finite…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-14 Alexander Bors

Factor complexity $b_\phi(n)$ for a vertex coloring $\phi$ of a regular tree is the number of colored $n$-balls up to color-preserving automorphisms. Sturmian colorings are colorings of minimal unbounded factor complexity $b_\phi(n) = n+2$.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Dong Han Kim , Seonhee Lim

We consider finite trees with edges labeled by letters on a finite alphabet $\varSigma$. Each pair of nodes defines a unique labeled path whose trace is a word of the free monoid $\varSigma^*$. The set of all such words defines the language…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-12 Srečko Brlek , Nadia Lafrenière , Xavier Provençal

The \emph{index set} of a computable structure $\mathcal{A}$ is the set of indices for computable copies of $\mathcal{A}$. We determine the complexity of the index sets of various mathematically interesting structures, including arbitrary…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-03-25 Wesley Calvert , Valentina S. Harizanov , Julia F. Knight , Sara Miller

Every rational number p/q defines a rational base numeration system in which every integer has a unique finite representation, up to leading zeroes. This work is a contribution to the study of the set of the representations of integers.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Shigeki Akiyama , Victor Marsault , Jacques Sakarovitch

A finitary automaton group is a group generated by an invertible, deterministic finite-state letter-to-letter transducer whose only cycles are self-loops at an identity state. We show that, for this presentation of finite groups, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Maximilian Kotowsky , Jan Philipp Wächter

A bidimensional bifix (in short bibifix) of a square matrix T is a square submatrix of T which occurs in the top-left and bottom-right corners of T. This allows us to extend the definition of bifix-free words and cross-bifix-free set of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Elena Barcucci , Antonio Bernini , Stefano Bilotta , Renzo Pinzani

The usual way to investigate the statistical properties of finitely generated subgroups of free groups, and of finite presentations of groups, is based on the so-called word-based distribution: subgroups are generated (finite presentations…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-21 Frédérique Bassino , Armando Martino , Cyril Nicaud , Enric Ventura , Pascal Weil

Fixed points ${\bf u}=\varphi({\bf u})$ of marked and primitive morphisms $\varphi$ over arbitrary alphabet are considered. We show that if ${\bf u}$ is palindromic, i.e., its language contains infinitely many palindromes, then some power…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-14 Sébastien Labbé , Edita Pelantová

Cross-bifix-free sets are sets of words such that no prefix of any word is a suffix of any other word. In this paper, we introduce a general constructive method for the sets of cross-bifix-free binary words of fixed length. It enables us to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-12-15 Stefano Bilotta , Elisa Pergola , Renzo Pinzani

We show that a special case of the Feferman-Vaught composition theorem gives rise to a natural notion of automata for finite words over an infinite alphabet, with good closure and decidability properties, as well as several logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Alexis Bès

The cogrowth series of a group with respect to a finite generating set is an important combinatorial quantity that seems very difficult to compute exactly, as evidenced by the scarcity of known examples. In this paper, we give a particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Mudit Aggarwal , Murray Elder , Andrew Rechnitzer

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of two relatively new complexity functions defined on infinite words and their relationship to periodicity. Given a factor $u$ of an infinite word $x$, we say $u$ is closed if it is a letter…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-04 O. Parshina , M. Postic

Along with some known and less known results, we discuss new insights relating combinatorics of words and the ordering of the rationals from a dynamical systems point of view, somehow continuing along the path started in [BI]. We obtain in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Stefano Isola , Francesco Marchionni

We construct the first example of a finitely generated group which has Serre's property (FA) (i.e., whenever it acts on a simplicial tree it fixes a vertex), but admits a fixed point-free action on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree with finite arc…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Ashot Minasyan

Several types of term rewriting systems can be distinguished by the way their rules overlap. In particular, we define the classes of prefix, suffix, bottom-up and top-down systems, which generalize similar classes on words. Our aim is to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-29 Antoine Meyer