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Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine for quantum computing. We show that any $n$-qubit quantum state can be prepared with a $\Theta(n)$-depth circuit using only single- and two-qubit gates, although with a cost of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Tongyang Li , Xiao Yuan

We design a circuit structure with linear depth to implement an $n$-qubit Toffoli gate. The proposed construction uses a quadratic-size circuit consists of elementary 2-qubit controlled-rotation gates around the x axis and uses no ancilla…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Mehdi Saeedi , Massoud Pedram

Recent years have seen rapid development in the subject of quantum coding theory, with breakthroughs on many exciting classes of codes, including quantum LDPC codes, quantum locally testable codes, and quantum codes with interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Adam Wills , Ting-Chun Lin , Rachel Yun Zhang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

We show how to explicitly construct an $O(nd)$ size and constant quantum depth circuit which encodes any given $n$-qubit stabilizer code with $d$ generators. Our construction is derived using the graphic description for stabilizer codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-18 Wei Huang , Zhaohui Wei

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

In this work, we investigate the trade-off between the circuit depth and the number of ancillary qubits for preparing sparse quantum states. We prove that any $n$-qubit $d$-spare quantum state (i.e., it has only $d$ non-zero amplitudes) can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Jingquan Luo , Guanzhong Li , Lvzhou Li

Unitary and non-unitary diagonal operators are fundamental building blocks in quantum algorithms with applications in the resolution of partial differential equations, Hamiltonian simulations, the loading of classical data on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Julien Zylberman , Ugo Nzongani , Andrea Simonetto , Fabrice Debbasch

The ability to implement the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) efficiently on a quantum computer facilitates the advantages offered by a variety of fundamental quantum algorithms, such as those for integer factoring, computing discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 Yunseong Nam , Yuan Su , Dmitri Maslov

The multiplication of superpositions of numbers is a core operation in many quantum algorithms. The standard method for multiplication (both classical and quantum) has a runtime quadratic in the size of the inputs. Quantum circuits with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Gregory D. Kahanamoku-Meyer , Norman Y. Yao

We consider the fundamental problem of constructing fast and small circuits for binary addition. We propose a new algorithm with running time $\mathcal O(n \log_2 n)$ for constructing linear-size $n$-bit adder circuits with a significantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ulrich Brenner , Anna Silvanus

Resource consumption is an important issue in quantum information processing, particularly during the present NISQ era. In this paper, we investigate resource optimization of implementing multiple controlled operations, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Junhong Nie , Wei Zi , Xiaoming Sun

We discuss efficient quantum logic circuits which perform two tasks: (i) implementing generic quantum computations and (ii) initializing quantum registers. In contrast to conventional computing, the latter task is nontrivial because the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vivek V. Shende , Stephen S. Bullock , Igor L. Markov

We improve the number of T gates needed to perform an n-bit adder from 8n + O(1) to 4n + O(1). We do so via a "temporary logical-AND" construction which uses four T gates to store the logical-AND of two qubits into an ancilla and zero T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-21 Craig Gidney

We prove that any $n$-qubit unitary can be implemented (i) approximately in time $\tilde O\big(2^{n/2}\big)$ with query access to an appropriate classical oracle, and also (ii) exactly by a circuit of depth $\tilde O\big(2^{n/2}\big)$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Gregory Rosenthal

We construct $\varepsilon$-approximate unitary $k$-designs on $n$ qubits in circuit depth $O(\log k \log \log n k / \varepsilon)$. The depth is exponentially improved over all known results in all three parameters $n$, $k$, $\varepsilon$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Laura Cui , Thomas Schuster , Fernando Brandao , Hsin-Yuan Huang

Elliptic curves over finite fields GF(2^n) play a prominent role in modern cryptography. Published quantum algorithms dealing with such curves build on a short Weierstrass form in combination with affine or projective coordinates. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-05 Brittanney Amento , Rainer Steinwandt , Martin Roetteler

We propose quantum algorithms, purely quantum in nature, for calculating the determinant and inverse of an $(N-1)\times (N-1)$ matrix (depth is $O(N^2\log N)$) which is a simple modification of the algorithm for calculating the determinant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Alexander I. Zenchuk , Georgii A. Bochkin , Wentao Qi , Asutosh Kumar , Junde Wu

Decoherence -- in the current physical implementations of quantum computers -- makes depth reduction a vital task in quantum-circuit design. Moore and Nilsson (SIAM Journal of Computing, 2001) demonstrated that additional qubits -- known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Jiaqing Jiang , Xiaoming Sun , Shang-Hua Teng , Bujiao Wu , Kewen Wu , Jialin Zhang

This study presents a quantum circuit for estimating the pi value using arithmetic circuits and by quantum amplitude estimation. We review two types of quantum multipliers and propose quantum squaring circuits based on the multiplier as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-22 Takuma Noto