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For a slim, planar, semimodular lattice $L$ and covering square~$S$, G.~Cz\'edli and E.\,T.~Schmidt introduced the fork extension, $L[S]$, which is also a slim, planar, semimodular lattice. We investigate when a congruence of $L$ extends to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-03-04 George Grätzer

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to a crucial computational error. In this paper we deal with the finite case. We prove that a finite bounded ordered set can be represented as the order of principal congruences of a finite…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-04-02 G. Grätzer , E. T. Schmidt

Let S be a distributive {∨, 0}-semilattice. In a previous paper, the second author proved the following result: Suppose that S is a lattice. Let K be a lattice, let $\phi$: Con K $\to$ S be a {∨, 0}-homomorphism. Then $\phi$ is,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jiri Tuma , Friedrich Wehrung

We prove that if $e$ is a join-irreducible element of a semimodular lattice $L$ of finite length and $h<e$ in $L$ such that $e$ does not cover $h$, then $e$ can be "lowered" to a covering of $h$ by taking a length-preserving semimodular…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-08-11 Gábor Czédli

In 1968, E. T. Schmidt introduced the M\_3[D] construction, an extension of the &#64257;ve-element nondistributive lattice M\_3 by a bounded distributive lattice D, de&#64257;ned as the lattice of all triples $(x, y, z) \in D^3$ satisfying…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-16 George Grätzer , Friedrich Wehrung

Let $A$ be a basic finite-dimensional algebra and denote by $\operatorname{tors} A$ the collection of all all torsion classes of $A$. It has been proved in \cite{Demonet} that $\operatorname{tors} A$ is always a completely semidistributive…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Yongle Luo , Jiaqun Wei

In this article we investigate the relations between three classes of lattices each extending the class of distributive lattices in a different way. In particular, we consider join-semidistributive, join-extremal and left-modular lattices,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-20 Henri Mühle

We establish several independent results concerning extremal, left modular, congruence uniform, and semidistributive lattices. An equivalent characterization of left modular lattices is obtained in terms of edge-labellings, together with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Adrien Segovia

Birkhoff's representation theorem for finite distributive lattices states that any finite distributive lattice is isomorphic to the lattice of order ideals (lower sets) of the partial order of the join-irreducible elements of the lattice.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Dale R. Worley

The Swing Lemma of the second author describes how a congruence spreads from a prime interval to another in a slim (having no $M_3$ sublattice), planar, semimodular lattice. We generalize the Swing Lemma to planar semimodular lattices.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-08-04 Gábor Czédli , George Grätzer , Harry Lakser

IIn a finite lattice, a congruence spreads from a prime interval to another by a sequence of congruence-perspectivities through \emph{intervals of arbitrary size}, by a 1955 result of J. Jakub\'ik. In this note, I introduce the concept of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-11-18 G. Grätzer

In an earlier paper, to describe how a congruence spreads from a prime interval to another in a finite lattice, I introduced the concept of prime-perspectivity and its transitive extension, prime-projectivity and proved the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-04-27 George Grätzer

Join-distributive lattices are finite, meet-semidistributive, and semimodular lattices. They are the same as Dilworth's lattices in 1940, and many alternative definitions and equivalent concepts have been discovered or rediscovered since…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Gábor Czédli

Birkhoff's representation theorem for finite distributive lattices states that any finite distributive lattice is isomorphic to the lattice of order ideals (lower sets) of the partial order of the join-irreducible elements of the lattice.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Dale R. Worley

It is known from Grzegorczyk's paper \cite{grze-1951} that the lattice of real semi-algebraic closed subsets of ${\mathbb R}^n$ is undecidable for every integer $n\geq 2$. More generally, if $X$ is any definable set over a real or…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Luck Darnière

It is shown that the universal theory of the free pseudocomplemented distributive lattice is decidable and a recursive axiomatization is presented. This contrasts with the case of the full elementary theory of the finitely generated free…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Luca Carai , Tommaso Moraschini

For a modular lattice $L$ of finite length, we prove that the distributivity of $L$ is a sufficient condition while its 2-distributivity is a necessary condition that those sublattices of $L$ that are closed under taking relative…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Gábor Czédli

Zilber's Theorem states that a finite lattice $L$ is planar if{}f it has a complementary order relation. We provide a new proof for this crucial result and discuss some applications, including a canonical form for finite planar lattices and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Kirby A. Baker , George Grätzer

In this article, we prove that finite semidistributive lattices are dismantlable if and only if they are planar. This extends a well-known result by Kelly and Rival that states the same property for finite distributive lattices. Moreover,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-03 Henri Mühle

We prove the following result: Theorem. Every algebraic distributive lattice D with at most $\aleph\_1$ compact elements is isomorphic to the ideal lattice of a von Neumann regular ring R. (By earlier results of the author, the $\aleph\_1$…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Friedrich Wehrung