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The equality between the number of odd spin structures on a Riemann surface of genus g, with $2^g - 1$ being a Mersenne prime, and the even perfect numbers, is an indication that the action of the modular group on the set of spin structures…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Davis

Every odd prime number p can be written in exactly (p + 1)/2 ways as a sum ab+cd of two ordered products ab and cd such that min(a, b) > max(c, d). An easy corollary is a proof of Fermat's Theorem expressing primes in 1 + 4N as sums of two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-17 Roland Bacher

The problem of simplicity of Fermat number-twins $f_{n}^{\pm}=2^{2^n}\pm3$ is studied. The question for what $n$ numbers $f_{n}^{\pm}$ are composite is investigated. The factor-identities for numbers of a kind $x^2 \pm k $ are found.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-07-09 Boris V. Tarasov

The Mersenne primes are primes which can be written as some prime power of 2 minus 1. These primes were studied from antiquity in that their close connection with perfect numbers and even to present day in that their easiness for primality…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim

We study properties of recently introduced Wieferich primes for Drinfeld modules, as their relation with Fermat equations and finitess or non-finiteness of their number. We also introduce Mersenne numbers for Drinfeld modules, and study the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Alexis Lucas

New Mersenne conjectures. The problems of simplicity, common prime divisors and free from squares of numbers $L(n) = 2^{2n}\pm2^n\pm1$ are investigated. Wonderful formulas $gcd $ for numbers $L (n) $ and numbers repunit are proved.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-04-25 Boris V. Tarasov

In this research paper, relationship between every Mersenne prime and certain Natural numbers is explored. We begin by proving that every Mersenne prime is of the form {4n + 3,for some integer 'n'} and generalize the result to all powers of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-14 M. S. Srinath , Garimella Rama Murthy , V. Chandrasekharan

Classifications of twin primes are established and then applied to triplets that generalize to all higher multiplets. Mersenne and Fermat twins and triplets are treated in this framework. Regular prime number multiplets are related to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-10 H. J. Weber

The concept of Mersenne primes is studied in real quadratic fields of class number 1. Computational results are given. The field $Q(\sqrt{2})$ is studied in detail with a focus on representing Mersenne primes in the form $x^{2}+7y^{2}$. It…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-03 Sushma Palimar , Shankar B. R

In his book "250 Problems in Elementary Number Theory", W.Sierpinski shows that the numbers 1+2^(2^n)+2^(2^n+1) are divisible by 21; for n=1,2,.... In this paper, we prove a similar but more general result.Consider the natural numbers of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-06-10 Konstantine "Hermes" Zelator

Currently there is no known efficient formula for primes. Besides that, prime numbers have great importance in e.g., information technology such as public-key cryptography, and their position and possible or impossible functional generation…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-09-13 Sandor Kristyan

We prove some polynomial identities from which we deduce congruences modulo $p^2$ for the Fermat quotient $\frac{2^p-2}{p}$ for any odd prime $p$ (Proposition 1 and Theorem 1). These congruences are simpler than the one obtained by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Takao Komatsu , B. Sury

We introduce a new class of pseudoprimes-so called "overpseudoprimes" which is a special subclass of super-Poulet pseudoprimes. Denoting via h(n) the multiplicative order of 2 modulo n, we show that odd number n is overpseudoprime iff value…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-19 Vladimir Shevelev

For prime powers $q$ and $q+\varepsilon$ where $\varepsilon\in\{1,2\}$, an affine resolvable design from $\mathbb{F}_q$ and Latin squares from $\mathbb{F}_{q+\varepsilon}$ yield a set of symmetric designs if $\varepsilon=2$ and a set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-21 Hadi Kharaghani , Sho Suda

The Fermat numbers have many notable properties, including order universality, coprimality, and definition by a recurrence relation. We use arbitrary elliptic curves and rational points of infinite order to generate sequences that are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-06 Skye Binegar , Randy Dominick , Meagan Kenney , Jeremy Rouse , Alex Walsh

The author has previously extended the theory of regular and irregular primes to the setting of arbitrary totally real number fields. It has been conjectured that the Bernoulli numbers, or alternatively the values of the Riemann zeta…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Joshua Holden

Mersenne primes and Fermat primes may be thought of as primes of the form $\Phi_m(2)$, where $\Phi_m(x)$ is the $m$th cyclotomic polynomial. This paper discusses the more general problem of primes and composites of this form.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Carl Pomerance

This note introduces a new class of integer factoring algorithms. Two versions of this method will be described, deterministic and probabilistic. These algorithms are practical, and can factor large classes of balanced integers N = pq, p <…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. A. Carella

In this paper, we introduce a novel quantum algorithm for the factorization of composite odd numbers. This work makes two significant contributions. First, we present a new improvement to the classical Fermat method, fourfold reducing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Julien Mellaerts

We introduce a new class of pseudoprimes-so called "overpseudoprimes to base $b$", which is a subclass of strong pseudoprimes to base $b$. Denoting via $|b|_n$ the multiplicative order of $b$ modulo $n$, we show that a composite $n$ is…

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