Related papers: Contextual Query Using Bell Tests
Semantic text similarity plays an important role in software engineering tasks in which engineers are requested to clarify the semantics of descriptive labels (e.g., business terms, table column names) that are often consists of too short…
Bell inequalities are one of the cornerstones of quantum foundations, and fundamental tools for quantum technologies. Recently, the scientific community worldwide has put a lot of effort towards them, which culminated with loophole-free…
Measurements with randomly chosen settings determine many important properties of quantum states without the need for a shared reference frame or calibration. They naturally emerge in the context of quantum communication and quantum…
Bell's test, initially devised to distinguish quantum theory from local hidden variable models through {violations of local bounds}, is also a common tool for detecting entanglement. For this purpose, one can assume the quantum description…
We present a formulation of the Bell inequalities using simple correlated photon number states and phase measurements. Such tests generally require binning of the information, and this effect is closely examined. Our proposal opens up the…
A recent experiment testing the necessity of complex numbers in the standard formulation of quantum theory is recreated using IBM quantum computers. To motivate the experiment, we present a basic construction for real-valued quantum theory.…
We present a quantum computing approach to analyzing Large Language Model (LLM) embeddings, leveraging complex-valued representations and modeling semantic relationships using quantum mechanical principles. By establishing a direct mapping…
Semantic consistency of a language model is broadly defined as the model's ability to produce semantically-equivalent outputs, given semantically-equivalent inputs. We address the task of assessing question-answering (QA) semantic…
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks by encoding vast amounts of factual knowledge. However, they are still prone to hallucinations, generating incorrect or misleading information, often…
Superdeterminism has received recent attention as a possible path toward a locally causal explanation of the entanglement correlations that appear in experimental tests of Bell's theorem. While the term `superdeterminism' was coined by Bell…
Quantum computing can empower machine learning models by enabling kernel machines to leverage quantum kernels for representing similarity measures between data. Quantum kernels are able to capture relationships in the data that are not…
Measurement scenarios containing events with relations of exclusivity represented by pentagons, heptagons, nonagons, etc., or their complements are the only ones in which quantum probabilities cannot be described classically. Interestingly,…
It is commonly accepted that the results of measurements simultaneously realized over two entangled subsystems are statistically correlated instantaneously regardless of the distance between them. In accordance with Bell theorem, everything…
Quantum theory features several phenomena which can be considered as resources for information processing tasks. Some of these effects, such as entanglement, arise in a nonlocal scenario, where a quantum state is distributed between…
Unsupervised vector representations of sentences or documents are a major building block for many language tasks such as sentiment classification. However, current methods are uninterpretable and slow or require large training datasets.…
The Hyperspace Analogue to Language (HAL) model relies on global word co-occurrence matrices to construct distributional semantic representations. While these representations capture lexical relationships effectively, aggregating them into…
Bounds on quantum probabilities and expectation values are derived for experimental setups associated with Bell-type inequalities. In analogy to the classical bounds, the quantum limits are experimentally testable and therefore serve as…
Some Question Answering (QA) systems rely on knowledge bases (KBs) to provide accurate answers. Entity Linking (EL) plays a critical role in linking natural language mentions to KB entries. However, most existing EL methods are designed for…
We present here a classical optics device based on an imaging architecture as analogy of a quantum system where the violation of the Bell inequality can be evidenced. In our case, the two qbits entangled state needed to obtain non classical…
We introduce Bell inequalities based on covariance, one of the most common measures of correlation. Explicit examples are discussed, and violations in quantum theory are demonstrated. A crucial feature of these covariance Bell inequalities…