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The Born rule is part of the collapse axiom in the standard version of quantum theory, as presented by standard textbooks on the subject. We show here that its signature quadratic dependence follows from a single additional physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Jay Lawrence , Philip Goyal

The Born rule is derived from operational assumptions, independent of the normalization of the state. Unlike Gleason's theorem, the argument applies even if probabilities are defined for only a single resolution of the identity, so it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Saunders

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

Quantum decision theory is introduced here, and new basis for this theory is proposed. It is first based upon the author's general arguments for the Hilbert space formalism in quantum theory, next on arguments for the Born rule, that is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Inge S. Helland

A basic postulate of modern compositional approaches to generalised physical theories is the generalised Born rule, in which probabilities are postulated to be computable from the composition of states and effects. In this paper we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Gaurang Agrawal , Matt Wilson

The Born rule, a foundational axiom used to deduce probabilities of events from wavefunctions, is indispensable in the everyday practice of quantum physics. It is also key in the quest to reconcile the ostensibly inconsistent laws of the…

It is argued from several points of view that quantum probabilities might play a role in statistical settings. New approaches toward quantum foundations have postulates that appear to be equally valid in macroscopic settings. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Inge S. Helland

We deduce the Born rule. No use is required of quantum postulates. One exploits only rudimentary quantum mathematics--a linear, not Hilbert', vector space--and empirical notion of the statistical length of a state. Its statistical nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Yurii V. Brezhnev

I provide a simple derivation of the Born rule as giving a classical probability, that is, the ratio of the measure of favorable states of the system to the measure of its total possible states. In classical systems, the probability is due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

The quantum mechanics postulate called the Born Rule attributes a probabilistic meaning to a wave function. This paper derives the Born Rule from other quantum principles along with a model of the measurement process. The nondeterministic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Alan Schaum

The predictions of quantum mechanics are probabilistic. Quantum probabilities are extracted using a postulate of the theory called the Born rule, the status of which is central to the "measurement problem" of quantum mechanics. Efforts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-13 T. G. Philbin

In previous articles we presented a simple set of axioms named Contexts, Systems and Modalities (CSM), where the structure of quantum mechanics appears as a result of the interplay between the quantized number of modalities accessible to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffeves , Philippe Grangier

The very old problem of the statistical content of quantum mechanics (QM) is studied in a novel framework. The Born's rule (one of the basic postulates of QM) is derived from theory of classical random signals. We present a measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 Andrei Khrennikov

The Born rule may be stated mathematically as the rule that probabilities in quantum theory are expectation values of a complete orthogonal set of projection operators. This rule works for single laboratory settings in which the observer…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-22 Don N. Page

Excluding the concept of probability in quantum mechanics, we derive Born's law from the remaining postulates in quantum mechanics using type method. We also give a way of determining the unknown parameter in a state vector based on an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-27 Fuyuhiko Tanaka

The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between the mathematical formalism and experimental results in terms of probabilities. The Born Rule does not occur in ordinary probability theory.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 David Ellerman

Considerable effort has been devoted to deriving the Born rule (e.g. that $|\psi(x)|^2 dx$ is the probability of finding a system, described by $\psi$, between $x$ and $x + dx$) in quantum mechanics. Here we show that the Born rule is not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul Brumer , Jiangbin Gong

In a quantum-Bayesian take on quantum mechanics, the Born Rule cannot be interpreted as a rule for setting measurement-outcome probabilities from an objective quantum state. But if not, what is the role of the rule? In this paper, we argue…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-12 Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

In the Quantum-Bayesian interpretation of quantum theory (or QBism), the Born Rule cannot be interpreted as a rule for setting measurement-outcome probabilities from an objective quantum state. But if not, what is the role of the rule? In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

We consider how to define a natural probability distribution over worlds within a simple class of deterministic many-worlds theories. This can help us understand the typical properties of worlds within such states, and hence explain the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Anthony J. Short
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