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An elementary recursive relation for M$\ddot{\mathrm{o}}$bius function $\mu (n)$ is introduced by two simple ways. With this recursive relation, $\mu (n)$ can be calculated without directly knowing the factorization of the $n$. $\mu (1)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Rong Qiang Wei

Let $D_N$ be the set of points around which a planar Brownian motion winds at least $N$ times. We prove that the random measure on the plane with density $2 \pi N 1_{D_N}$ with respect to the Lebesgue measure converges almost surely weakly,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Isao Sauzedde

Let $T\_n$ denote the set of unrooted labeled trees of size $n$ and let $T\_n$ be a particular (finite, unlabeled) tree. Assuming that every tree of $T\_n$ is equally likely, it is shown that the limiting distribution as $n$ goes to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Frédéric Chyzak , Michael Drmota , Thomas Klausner , Gerard Kok

Let $\mathcal{M}$ be the set of Borel probability measures on $\mathbb{R}$. We denote by $\mu^{\mathrm{ac}}$ the absolutely continuous part of $\mu\in\mathcal{M}$. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the supports and regularity for…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2012-09-27 Hao-Wei Huang

We introduce weights on the unrooted unlabelled plane trees as follows: let $\mu$ be a probability measure on the set of nonnegative integers whose mean is no larger than $1$; then the $\mu$-weight of a plane tree $t$ is defined as $\Pi \,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-02 Minmin Wang

We study collections of point masses which move freely along the real line and stick together when they collide via perfectly inelastic collisions. We quantify the way particles stick together and explain how to associate a probability…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Ryan Hynd

Let $a_1 = 1$ and, for $n > 1$, $a_n = a_{n-1} + a_{\left \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \right \rfloor}$. In this paper we will look at congruence properties and the growth rate of this sequence. First we will show that if $x \in \{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Wouter van Doorn

Suppose we are given two probability measures on the set of one-way infinite finite-alphabet sequences and consider the question when one of the measures predicts the other, that is, when conditional probabilities converge (in a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-06-26 Daniil Ryabko , Marcus Hutter

Let B_1,B_2, ... be independent one-dimensional Brownian motions defined over the whole real line such that B_i(0)=0. We consider the nth iterated Brownian motion W_n(t)= B_n(B_{n-1}(...(B_2(B_1(t)))...)). Although the sequences of…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-19 Nicolas Curien , Takis Konstantopoulos

Let $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be the set of $2 \times 2$ matrices with real entries. For any $\varepsilon>0$ and any finitely--supported probability measure $\mu$ on $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$, we prove that either \[ T(\mu) = \sum_{X,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Akshat Mudgal

In this thesis we study convolutions that arise from noncommutative probability theory. We prove several regularity results for free convolutions, and for measures in partially defined one-parameter free convolution semigroups. We discuss…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Serban Teodor Belinschi

We consider an ergodic invariant measure $\mu$ for a smooth action of $Z^k$, $k \ge 2$, on a $(k+1)$-dimensional manifold or for a locally free smooth action of $R^k$, $k \ge 2$ on a $(2k+1)$-dimensional manifold. We prove that if $\mu$ is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-09-14 Boris Kalinin , Anatole Katok , Federico Rodriguez Hertz

We calculate, for a branching random walk $X_n(l)$ to a leaf $l$ at depth $n$ on a binary tree, the positive integer moments of the random variable $\frac{1}{2^{n}}\sum_{l=1}^{2^n}e^{2\beta X_n(l)}$, for $\beta\in\mathbb{R}$. We obtain…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 E. C. Bailey , J. P. Keating

Given i.i.d. data from an unknown distribution, we consider the problem of predicting future items. An adaptive way to estimate the probability density is to recursively subdivide the domain to an appropriate data-dependent granularity. A…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-30 Marcus Hutter

We prove that the uniform probability measure $\mu$ on every $(n-k)$-dimensional projection of the $n$-dimensional unit cube verifies the variance conjecture with an absolute constant $C$ $$\textrm{Var}_\mu|x|^2\leq C \sup_{\theta\in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-30 David Alonso-Gutiérrez , Julio Bernués

We show that for many models of random trees, the independence number divided by the size converges almost surely to a constant as the size grows to infinity; the trees that we consider include random recursive trees, binary and $m$-ary…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Svante Janson

In this article, we study the behavior of consecutive values of random completely multiplicative functions $(X_n)_{n \geq 1}$ whose values are i.i.d. at primes. We prove that for $X_2$ uniform on the unit circle, or uniform on the set of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-27 Joseph Najnudel

Let $(\Omega, \mathcal{A}, \mu)$ be a probability space. The classical Borel-Cantelli Lemma states that for any sequence of $\mu$-measurable sets $E_i$ ($i=1,2,3,\dots$), if the sum of their measures converges then the corresponding…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-07 Victor Beresnevich , Sanju Velani

We introduce the notion of density of a rational language with respect to a sequence of probability measures. We prove that if $(\mu_n)$ is a sequence of Bernoulli measures converging to a positive Bernoulli measure $\overline{\mu}$, the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Alexi Block Gorman , Dominique Perrin

A classical theorem of Szeg\H{o} states that for any probability measure $\mu=w\frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{2\pi}+\mu_s$ on the unit circle the polynomials are dense in $L^2(\mathbb{T},\mu)$ if and only if $\log(w)\notin L^1(\mathbb{T})$. A…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Chiara Paulsen