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Mitigating errors in computing and communication systems has seen a great deal of research since the beginning of the widespread use of these technologies. However, as we develop new methods to do computation or communication, we also need…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Oliver Weissl , Evgenii Egorov

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

We investigate a family of fault-tolerant quantum error correction schemes based on the concatenation of small error detection or error correction codes with the three-dimensional cluster state. We propose fault-tolerant state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Zhaoyi Li , Isaac Kim , Patrick Hayden

A promising approach to overcome decoherence in quantum computing schemes is to perform active quantum error correction using topology. Topological subsystem codes incorporate both the benefits of topological and subsystem codes, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Ruben S. Andrist , H. Bombin , Helmut G. Katzgraber , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We compute the error threshold for the semion code, the companion of the Kitaev toric code with the same gauge symmetry group $\mathbb{Z}_2$. The application of statistical mechanical mapping methods is highly discouraged for the semion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Santiago Varona , Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eric Dennis , Alexei Kitaev , Andrew Landahl , John Preskill

We introduce a fault-tolerant protocol for code concatenation of a generalized Shor code using a butterfly network architecture with high noise thresholds and low ancilla overhead to allow implementation on current devices. We develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Grace M. Sommers , Michael Foss-Feig , David Hayes , David A. Huse , Michael J. Gullans

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

We show how to perform scalable fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates in two dimensions by introducing domain walls between the surface code and a non-Abelian topological code whose codespace is stabilized by Clifford operators. We formulate a…

Practical large-scale quantum computation requires both efficient error correction and robust implementation of logical operations. Three-dimensional (3D) color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Friederike Butt , Lars Esser , Markus Müller

We present a family of algorithms, combining real-space renormalization methods and belief propagation, to estimate the free energy of a topologically ordered system in the presence of defects. Such an algorithm is needed to preserve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

This paper deals with tomographic image reconstruction under the situation where some of projection data bins are contaminated with abnormal data. Such situations occur in various instances of tomography. We propose a new reconstruction…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Hiroyuki Kudo , Keita Takaki , Fukashi Yamazaki , Takuya Nemoto

Three-dimensional (3D) color codes have advantages for fault-tolerant quantum computing, such as protected quantum gates with relatively low overhead and robustness against imperfect measurement of error syndromes. Here we investigate the…

We introduce a family of 2D topological subsystem quantum error-correcting codes. The gauge group is generated by 2-local Pauli operators, so that 2-local measurements are enough to recover the error syndrome. We study the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-04 H. Bombin

Hard-decision renormalization group (HDRG) decoders are an important class of decoding algorithms for topological quantum error correction. Due to their versatility, they have been used to decode systems with fractal logical operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Adrian Hutter , Daniel Loss , James R. Wootton

We introduce and analyze a new type of decoding algorithm called General Color Clustering (GCC), based on renormalization group methods, to be used in qudit color codes. The performance of this decoder is analyzed under code capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-20 Jacob Marks , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Vlad Gheorghiu

The Kitaev honeycomb model is an approximate topological quantum error correcting code in the same phase as the toric code, but requiring only a 2-body Hamiltonian. As a frustrated spin model, it is well outside the commuting models of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-01 Yi-Chan Lee , Courtney Brell , Steven T. Flammia

Current approaches for building quantum computing devices focus on two-level quantum systems which nicely mimic the concept of a classical bit, albeit enhanced with additional quantum properties. However, rather than artificially limiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruben S. Andrist , James R. Wootton , Helmut G. Katzgraber

We still do not have perfect decoders for topological codes that can satisfy all needs of different experimental setups. Recently, a few neural network based decoders have been studied, with the motivation that they can adapt to a wide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xiaotong Ni