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This paper presents Abduction and Argumentation as two principled forms for reasoning, and fleshes out the fundamental role that they can play within Machine Learning. It reviews the state-of-the-art work over the past few decades on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Antonis Kakas , Loizos Michael

Abductive logic programming offers a formalism to declaratively express and solve problems in areas such as diagnosis, planning, belief revision and hypothetical reasoning. Tabled logic programming offers a computational mechanism that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-15 José Júlio Alferes , Luís Moniz Pereira , Terrance Swift

Abductive learning (ABL) that integrates strengths of machine learning and logical reasoning to improve the learning generalization, has been recently shown effective. However, its efficiency is affected by the transition between numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Lin-Han Jia , Si-Yu Han , Lan-Zhe Guo , Zhi Zhou , Zhao-Long Li , Yu-Feng Li , Zhi-Hua Zhou

This study evaluates the GPT-4 Large Language Model's abductive reasoning in complex fields like medical diagnostics, criminology, and cosmology. Using an interactive interview format, the AI assistant demonstrated reliability in generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Remo Pareschi

Abduction, first proposed in the setting of classical logics, has been studied with growing interest in the logic programming area during the last years. In this paper we study {\em abduction with penalization} in logic programming. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Giovambattista Ianni , Nicola Leone , Simona Perri , Francesco Scarcello

Abduction is the task of computing a sufficient extension of a knowledge base (KB) that entails a conclusion not entailed by the original KB. It serves to compute explanations, or hypotheses, for such missing entailments. While this task…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anselm Haak , Patrick Koopmann , Yasir Mahmood , Anni-Yasmin Turhan

A backdoor set is a set of variables of a propositional formula such that fixing the truth values of the variables in the backdoor set moves the formula into some polynomial-time decidable class. If we know a small backdoor set we can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-01 Serge Gaspers , Stefan Szeider

We address the problem of propositional logic-based abduction, i.e., the problem of searching for a best explanation for a given propositional observation according to a given propositional knowledge base. We give a general algorithm, based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-28 B. Zanuttini

Abductive reasoning is a non-monotonic formalism stemming from the work of Peirce. It describes the process of deriving the most plausible explanations of known facts. Considering the positive version asking for sets of variables as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Yasir Mahmood , Arne Meier , Johannes Schmidt

We propose an abductive diagnosis theory that integrates probabilistic, causal and taxonomic knowledge. Probabilistic knowledge allows us to select the most likely explanation; causal knowledge allows us to make reasonable independence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Dekang Lin , Randy Goebel

Trustworthiness in artificial intelligence depends not only on what a model decides, but also on how it handles and explains cases in which a reliable decision cannot be made. In critical domains such as healthcare and finance, a reject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gleilson Pedro Fernandes , Thiago Alves Rocha

Current discussions of "Explainable AI" (XAI) do not much consider the role of abduction in explanatory reasoning (see Mueller, et al., 2018). It might be worthwhile to pursue this, to develop intelligent systems that allow for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Robert R. Hoffman , William J. Clancey , Shane T. Mueller

The decoupling between the representation of a certain problem, i.e., its knowledge model, and the reasoning side is one of main strong points of model-based Artificial Intelligence (AI). This allows, e.g. to focus on improving the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Carmine Dodaro , Marco Maratea , Mauro Vallati

Abstraction is a well-known approach to simplify a complex problem by over-approximating it with a deliberate loss of information. It was not considered so far in Answer Set Programming (ASP), a convenient tool for problem solving. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Zeynep G. Saribatur , Thomas Eiter

Abductive reasoning is inference to the most plausible explanation. For example, if Jenny finds her house in a mess when she returns from work, and remembers that she left a window open, she can hypothesize that a thief broke into her house…

Assumption-based argumentation (ABA) is a central structured argumentation formalism. As shown recently, answer set programming (ASP) enables efficiently solving NP-hard reasoning tasks of ABA in practice, in particular in the commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Tuomo Lehtonen , Johannes P. Wallner , Matti Järvisalo

Reconfiguration aims at recovering a system from a fault by automatically adapting the system configuration, such that the system goal can be reached again. Classical approaches typically use a set of pre-defined faults for which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Kaja Balzereit , Oliver Niggemann

Subsumption resolution is an expensive but highly effective simplifying inference for first-order saturation theorem provers. We present a new SAT-based reasoning technique for subsumption resolution, without requiring radical changes to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Robin Coutelier , Laura Kovács , Michael Rawson , Jakob Rath

A backdoor in a finite-domain CSP instance is a set of variables where each possible instantiation moves the instance into a polynomial-time solvable class. Backdoors have found many applications in artificial intelligence and elsewhere,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Peter Jonsson , Victor Lagerkvist , Sebastian Ordyniak

Abductive reasoning, reasoning for inferring explanations for observations, is often mentioned in scientific, design-related and artistic contexts, but its understanding varies across these domains. This paper reviews how abductive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Abhinav Sood , Kazjon Grace , Stephen Wan , Cecile Paris