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Progress in many domains increasingly benefits from our ability to view the systems through a computational lens, i.e., using computational abstractions of the domains; and our ability to acquire, share, integrate, and analyze disparate…
With the advent of the information age, the scale of data on the Internet is getting larger and larger, and it is full of text, images, videos, and other information. Different from social media data and news data, scientific research…
This special volume of Statistical Sciences presents some innovative, if not provocative, ideas in the area of reliability, or perhaps more appropriately named, integrated system assessment. In this age of exponential growth in science,…
Astronomy produces extremely large data sets from ground-based telescopes, space missions, and simulation. The volume and complexity of these rich data sets require new approaches and advanced tools to understand the information contained…
The ubiquity of computation in modern scientific research inflicts new challenges for reproducibility. While most journals now require code and data be made available, the standards for organization, annotation, and validation remain lax,…
The Open Access Movement has been striving to grant universal unrestricted access to the knowledge and data outputs of publicly funded research. leveraging the real time, virtually cost free publishing opportunities offered by the internet…
The growth of science and technology is a recombinative process, wherein new discoveries and inventions are built from prior knowledge. Yet relatively little is known about the manner in which scientific and technological knowledge develop…
We define a novel quantitative strategy inspired by the ecological notion of nestedness to single out the scale at which innovation complexity emerges from the aggregation of specialized building blocks. Our analysis not only suggests that…
Advances in science are being sought in newly available opportunities to collect massive quantities of data about complex systems. While key advances are being made in detailed mapping of systems, how to relate this data to solving many of…
Reproducibility in research remains hindered by complex systems involving data, models, tools, and algorithms. Studies highlight a reproducibility crisis due to a lack of standardized reporting, code and data sharing, and rigorous…
Context dependence is central to the description of complexity. Keying on the pairwise definition of "set complexity" we use an information theory approach to formulate general measures of systems complexity. We examine the properties of…
Scientists are increasingly leveraging advances in instruments, automation, and collaborative tools to scale up their experiments and research goals, leading to new bursts of discovery. Various scientific disciplines, including…
The interactions between three or more random variables are often nontrivial, poorly understood, and yet, are paramount for future advances in fields such as network information theory, neuroscience, genetics and many others. In this work,…
We use citation data of scientific articles produced by individual nations in different scientific domains to determine the structure and efficiency of national research systems. We characterize the scientific fitness of each nation (that…
The amount of data in the world is expanding rapidly. Every day, huge amounts of data are created by scientific experiments, companies, and end users' activities. These large data sets have been labeled as "Big Data", and their storage,…
The trends of open science have enabled several open scholarly datasets which include millions of papers and authors. Managing, exploring, and utilizing such large and complicated datasets effectively are challenging. In recent years, the…
Scientific data governance should prioritize maximizing the utility of data throughout the research lifecycle. Research software systems that enable analysis reproducibility inform data governance policies and assist administrators in…
Social science research increasingly demands data-driven insights, yet researchers often face barriers such as lack of technical expertise, inconsistent data formats, and limited access to reliable datasets.Social science research…
Plasticity is a fundamental property of complex systems, such as the brain or an organism. Yet it typically remains a descriptive concept inferred retrospectively from observed outcomes, such as modifications in activity or morphology.…
In the 21st century, many of the crucial scientific and technical issues facing humanity can be understood as problems associated with understanding, modelling, and ultimately controlling complex systems: systems comprised of a large number…