Related papers: Exotic Matter and Space-Time
This is a science white paper submitted to the Astro-2020 and Plasma-2020 Decadal Surveys. The paper describes the present status and emerging opportunities in Extreme Plasma Astrophysics -- a study of astrophysically-relevant plasma…
The speed of sound of the matter within neutron stars may contain non-smooth structure related to first-order phase transitions or or crossovers. Here we investigate what are the observable consequences of structure, such as bumps, spikes,…
This article provides an insight into several open problems in the quest for novel modes of excitation in nuclei with isospin asymmetry, deformation and finite temperature characteristic in stellar environment. Major unsolved problems…
Lorentz symmetry has been tested at low energy with great accuracy, but its extrapolation to very high-energy phenomena is much less well established. We expect a possible breaking of Lorentz symmetry to be a very high energy and very short…
In addition to well-motivated scenarios like supersymmetric particles, the so-called exotic matter (quirky matter, hidden valley models, etc.) can show up at the LHC and ILC, by exploring the spectroscopy of high mass levels and decay…
The properties of finite lumps of strange quark matter (strangelets) with emphasis on the two scenarios of producing strange matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions are summarized. As an outlook, the possibility of short-lived strange…
Strange quark matter (SQM) may be the true ground state of hadronic matter, indicating that the observed pulsars may actually be strange stars, but not neutron stars. According to this SQM hypothesis, the existence of a hydrostatically…
We investigate exotic stars composed of dark energy within the context of Einstein's General Relativity, by applying an extended Chaplygin gas equation-of-state. To account for anisotropies, we utilize a formalism based on the complexity…
It is generally agreed on that the tremendous densities reached in the centers of neutron stars provide a high-pressure environment in which several intriguing particles processes may compete with each other. These range from the generation…
The Workshop on results of the Project Kosmomikrofizyka-2 (Astroparticle Physics) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine "Astrophysical and cosmological problems of invisible mass and dark energy in the Universe" was held on…
Witten's conjecture about strange quark matter (`Strange Matter') being the ground state of QCD at finite baryon number is presented and stars made of strange matter (`Strange Stars') are compared to neutron stars. The only observable way…
Knowledge of the distant high-energy universe comes from photons, ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), high-energy neutrinos, and gravitational waves. The theory of high-energy messengers reviewed here focuses on the extragalactic…
An overview is given of various dark matter candidates. Among the many suggestions given in the literature, axions, inert Higgs doublet, sterile neutrinos, supersymmetric particles and Kaluza-Klein particles are discussed. The situation has…
Strange stars are one of the hypothetical compact stellar objects that can be formed after a supernova explosion. The existence of these objects relies on the absolute stability of strange {\it collapsed} quark matter with respect to…
In this work, we study dark matter (DM) admixed strange quark stars exploring the different possibilities about the nature of the DM and their effects on the macroscopic properties of strange stars, such as maximum masses, radii, as well…
We explore the possible exotic particle content beyond the standard model by examining all its scalar bilinear combinations. We categorize these exotic scalar fields and show that without the suppression of (A) their Yukawa couplings with…
Cosmological dark matter in the form of neutrinos with masses of up to a few electron volts is known as hot dark matter. After an historical review of the subject, this article considers constraints on hot dark matter from current data on…
Recent developments in neutron star theory and observation are discussed. Based on modern nucleon-nucleon potentials more reliable equations of state for dense nuclear matter have been constructed. Furthermore, phase transitions such as…
We discuss the region of transition between galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. The exact shapes and compositions of these two components contains information about important parameters of powerful astrophysical sources and the…
A brief summary of some highlights in the study of high energy astrophysical sources over the past decade is presented. It is argued that the great progress that has been made derives largely from the application of new technology to…