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Long-term rainfall prediction is a challenging task especially in the modern world where we are facing the major environmental problem of global warming. In general, climate and rainfall are highly non-linear phenomena in nature exhibiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ajith Abraham , Dan Steinberg

Representing and quantifying uncertainty in physical parameterisations is a central challenge in weather and climate modelling, and approaches are often developed separately for different timescales. Here, we introduce a unified framework…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Laura A. Mansfield , Hannah M. Christensen

In river flow analysis and forecasting there are some key elements to consider in order to obtain reliable results. For example, seasonality is often accounted for in statistical models because climatic oscillations occurring every year…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-19 Domenico Cucina , Manuel Rizzo , Eugen Ursu

Event attribution in the context of climate change seeks to understand the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on extreme weather events, either specific events or classes of events. A common approach to event attribution uses…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Christopher J. Paciorek , Dáithí A. Stone , Michael F. Wehner

The merits of the modelling philosophy of Box \& Jenkins (1970) are illustrated with a summary of our recent work on seasonal river flow forecasting. Specifically, this work demonstrates that the principle of parsimony, which has been…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-08 A. Ian McLeod

Weather forecasting is a fundamental task in spatiotemporal data analysis, with broad applications across a wide range of domains. Existing data-driven forecasting methods typically model atmospheric dynamics over a fixed short time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Jindong Tian , Yifei Ding , Ronghui Xu , Hao Miao , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Internal climate variability arises from the climate system's inherently chaotic dynamics. Quantifying it is essential for climate science, as it enables risk-based decision-making and differentiates between externally forced change and…

An emerging number of modern applications involve forecasting time series data that exhibit both short-time dynamics and long-time seasonality. Specifically, time series with multiple seasonality is a difficult task with comparatively fewer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Tianyang Xie , Jie Ding

Climate change is amplifying extreme precipitation events in many regions and imposes substantial challenges for the resilience of road drainage infrastructure. Conventional design storm methodologies, which rely on historical trends of…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Mohammad Fereshtehpour , Rashid Bashir , Neil F. Tandon

Coastal flooding drives considerable risks to many communities, but projections of future flood risks are deeply uncertain. The paucity of observations of extreme events often motivates the use of statistical approaches to model the…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Tony E. Wong , Alexandra Klufas , Vivek Srikrishnan , Klaus Keller

ML models have errors when used for predictions. The errors are unknown but can be quantified by model uncertainty. When multiple ML models are trained using the same training points, their model uncertainties may be statistically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-23 Xiaoping Du

Rainfall prediction is one of the challenging and uncertain tasks which has a significant impact on human society. Timely and accurate predictions can help to proactively reduce human and financial loss. This study presents a set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Nikhil Oswal

Predicting the spatiotemporal variation in streamflow along with uncertainty quantification enables decision-making for sustainable management of scarce water resources. Process-based hydrological models (aka physics-based models) are based…

Wind power ramp events are difficult to forecast due to strong variability, multi-scale dynamics, and site-specific meteorological effects. This paper proposes an event-first, frequency-aware forecasting paradigm that directly predicts ramp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Purbak Sengupta , Sambeet Mishra , Sonal Shreya

Flood-related risks to people and property are expected to increase in the future due to environmental and demographic changes. It is important to quantify and effectively communicate flood hazards and exposure to inform the design and…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-27 Sanjib Sharma , Michael Gomez , Klaus Keller , Robert Nicholas , Alfonso Mejia

The challenge is growing towards extreme and short-duration rainfall events like a cloudburst that are peculiar to the traditional forecasting systems, in which the predictions and the response are taken as two distinct processes. The paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Toqeer Ali Syed , Sohail Khan , Salman Jan , Gohar Ali , Muhammad Nauman , Ali Akarma , Ahmad Ali

We introduce a novel way to extract information from turbulent datasets by applying an ARMA statistical analysis. Such analysis goes well beyond the analysis of the mean flow and of the fluctuations and links the behavior of the recorded…

Prediction of dynamic environmental variables in unmonitored sites remains a long-standing challenge for water resources science. The majority of the world's freshwater resources have inadequate monitoring of critical environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Jared D. Willard , Charuleka Varadharajan , Xiaowei Jia , Vipin Kumar

The statistics obtained from turbulent flow simulations are generally uncertain due to finite time averaging. The techniques available in the literature to accurately estimate these uncertainties typically only work in an offline mode, that…

Climate models robustly imply that some significant change in precipitation patterns will occur. Models consistently project that the intensity of individual precipitation events increases by approximately 6-7%/K, following the increase in…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-21 Won Chang , Michael L. Stein , Jiali Wang , V. Rao Kotamarthi , Elisabeth J. Moyer