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Smart grid solutions enable utilities and customers to better monitor and control energy use via information and communications technology. Information technology is intended to improve the future electric grid's reliability, efficiency,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-29 Muneer Alshowkan , Philip Evans , Michael Starke , Duncan Earl , Nicholas Peters

For secure practical systems, quantum key distribution (QKD) must provide high key rates over long distances. Time-entanglement-based QKD promises to increase the secret key rate and distribution distances compared to other QKD…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Lara Dolecek , Emina Soljanin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) constitutes the most widespread family of information preservation techniques in the context of Quantum Cryptography. However, these techniques must deal with a series of technological challenges that prevent…

General Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Mario Mastriani

We introduce a family of QKD protocols for distributing shared random keys within a network of $n$ users. The advantage of these protocols is that any possible key structure needed within the network, including broadcast keys shared among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-21 Matej Pivoluska , Marcus Huber , Mehul Malik

Quantum security over long distances with untrusted relays is largely unfounded and is still an open question for active research. Nevertheless, quantum networks based on trusted relays are being built across the globe. However, standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

Implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) need vulnerability assessment against loopholes in their optical scheme. Most of the optical attacks involve injecting or receiving extraneous light via the communication channel. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Hao Tan , Mikhail Petrov , Weiyang Zhang , Liying Han , Sheng-Kai Liao , Vadim Makarov , Feihu Xu , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is currently being discussed as a technology to safeguard communication in a future where quantum computers compromise traditional public-key cryptosystems. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive security…

Quantum key distribution is a way to distribute secret keys to distant users with information theoretic security and key rates suitable for real-world applications. Its rate-distance figure, however, is limited by the natural loss of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Wenyuan Wang , Marco Lucamarini

A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows a quantum user and a limited "classical" user to establish a shared secret key secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this work, we present a new SQKD protocol where the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Walter O. Krawec , Eric P. Geiss

Quantum communication is at the forefront of quantum technology, enabling the development of absolutely secure encryption, distributed quantum computing, teleportation and more. Whilst quantum communication has been experimentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Scott E. Vinay , Pieter Kok

Quantum networks, integrating quantum communication, quantum metrology, and distributed quantum computing, could provide secure and efficient information transfer, high-resolution sensing, and an exponential speed-up in information…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can secure cryptographic communication between two distant users, as guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics rather than computational assumptions. The twin-field scheme, which employs counter-propagated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Venkat Abhignan , R. Srikanth

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a crucial technology for information security in the future. Developing simple and efficient ways to establish QKD among multiple users are important to extend the applications of QKD in communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Rong Xue , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Xue Feng , Fang Liu , Kaiyu Cui , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

Quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution (QKD) have been the most successful applications of quantum information processing, highlighting the unique capability of quantum mechanics, through the no-cloning theorem, to protect the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-18 David S. Simon , Nate Lawrence , Jacob Trevino , Luca Dal Negro , Alexander V. Sergienko

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computer. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, and the current method is pre-sharing symmetric…

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

With the advancement of quantum computing, the security of public key cryptography is under serious threat. To guarantee security in the quantum era, Quantum Key Distribution has become a competitive solution. QKD networks can be classified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Jia-Meng Yao , Qiong Li , Hao-Kun Mao , Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

Optical key distribution (OKD) protects the physical layer of communication links by taking advantage of the inherent noise present in the photodetection process. It allows for efficient generation of a shared random key between two distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Karol Łukanowski , Michał Wójcik , Stefano Olivares , Konrad Banaszek , Marcin Jarzyna

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…