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In this paper we introduce Epistemic Strategy Logic (ESL), an extension of Strategy Logic with modal operators for individual knowledge. This enhanced framework allows us to represent explicitly and to reason about the knowledge agents have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Francesco Belardinelli

The intent of control argumentation frameworks is to specifically model strategic scenarios from the perspective of an agent by extending the standard model of argumentation framework in a way that takes unquantified uncertainty regarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Minal Suresh Patil

We combine linear temporal logic (with both past and future modalities) with a deontic version of justification logic to provide a framework for reasoning about time and epistemic and normative reasons. In addition to temporal modalities,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Meghdad Ghari

Extensive work has been conducted both in game theory and logic to model strategic interaction. An important question is whether we can use these theories to design agents for interacting with people? On the one hand, they provide a formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Sarit Kraus

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng

Research in cognitive psychology has established that whether people prefer simpler explanations to complex ones is context dependent, but the question of `simple vs. complex' becomes critical when an artificial agent seeks to explain its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Michelle Blom , Ronal Singh , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg , Kerry Trentelman , Adam Saulwick

We study conflict situations that dynamically arise in traffic scenarios, where different agents try to achieve their set of goals and have to decide on what to do based on their local perception. We distinguish several types of conflicts…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Werner Damm , Martin Fränzle , Willem Hagemann , Paul Kröger , Astrid Rakow

I consider decision-making constrained by considerations of morality, rationality, or other virtues. The decision maker (DM) has a true preference over outcomes, but feels compelled to choose among outcomes that are top-ranked by some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-17 Sarah Ridout

Organization concepts and models are increasingly being adopted for the design and specification of multi-agent systems. Agent organizations can be seen as mechanisms of social order, created to achieve global (or organizational) objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Virginia Dignum , Frank Dignum

We propose new definitions of (causal) explanation, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. The definition is based on the notion of actual cause, as defined and motivated in a companion paper. Essentially, an explanation is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Judea Pearl

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings where good decisions require forming beliefs over the probability of unknown outcomes. However, it is unclear whether LLMs act as if they hold coherent beliefs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khurram Yamin , Jingjing Tang , Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Amit Sharma , Eric Horvitz , Bryan Wilder

Standard models of multi-agent modal logic do not capture the fact that information is often \emph{ambiguous}, and may be interpreted in different ways by different agents. We propose a framework that can model this, and consider different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Joseph Y. Halpern , Willemien Kets

We consider systems of rational agents who act and interact in pursuit of their individual and collective objectives. We study and formalise the reasoning of an agent, or of an external observer, about the expected choices of action of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Valentin Goranko , Fengkui Ju

Interpretability provides a means for humans to verify aspects of machine learning (ML) models and empower human+ML teaming in situations where the task cannot be fully automated. Different contexts require explanations with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zixi Chen , Varshini Subhash , Marton Havasi , Weiwei Pan , Finale Doshi-Velez

Transparency and explainability are important features that responsible autonomous vehicles should possess, particularly when interacting with humans, and causal reasoning offers a strong basis to provide these qualities. However, even if…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Rhys Howard , Nick Hawes , Lars Kunze

Explanations have gained an increasing level of interest in the AI and Machine Learning (ML) communities in order to improve model transparency and allow users to form a mental model of a trained ML model. However, explanations can go…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Stefano Teso , Öznur Alkan , Wolfang Stammer , Elizabeth Daly

Existing logical models do not fairly represent epistemic situations with fallible justifications, e.g., Russell's Prime Minister example, though such scenarios have long been at the center of epistemic studies. We introduce justification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Sergei Artemov

An answer set is a plain set of literals which has no further structure that would explain why certain literals are part of it and why others are not. We show how argumentation theory can help to explain why a literal is or is not contained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Claudia Schulz , Francesca Toni

This paper presents a taxonomy of explainability in Human-Agent Systems. We consider fundamental questions about the Why, Who, What, When and How of explainability. First, we define explainability, and its relationship to the related terms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Avi Rosenfeld , Ariella Richardson

Statistical modeling is a powerful tool for developing and testing theories by way of causal explanation, prediction, and description. In many disciplines there is near-exclusive use of statistical modeling for causal explanation and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-01-06 Galit Shmueli