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Related papers: Solving the Tower of Hanoi with Random Moves

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More than a century after its proposal, the Towers of Hanoi puzzle with 4 pegs was solved by Thierry Bousch in a breakthrough paper in 2014. The general problem with p pegs is still open, with the best lower bound on the minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-19 Codrut Grosu

We present efficient algorithms for constructing a shortest path between two states in the Tower of Hanoi graph, and for computing the length of the shortest path. The key element is a finite-state machine which decides, after examining on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dan Romik

I prove that the group of symmetries of the Tower of Hanoi graph with k pegs and n disks, denoted H_n^k, is isomorphic to the group of permutations of k elements, S_k, for all k greater than or equal to 3 and positive n.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-04-05 So Eun Park

We prove that the solutions to the k-peg Tower of Hanoi Problem given by Frame and Stewart are minimal.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-09-26 Roberto Demontis

The game of the Towers of Hanoi is generalized to binary trees. First, a straightforward solution of the game is discussed. Second, a shorter solution is presented, which is then shown to be optimal.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Joost Engelfriet

We present in this paper four new variants of the Tower of Hanoi problem, the optimal solution of each of these variants is related to one of the four known numbers Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, and Jacobsthal. We give an optimal solution to each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 El-Mehdi Mehiri , Saad Mneimneh , Hacène Belbachir

We modify the rules of the classical Tower of Hanoi puzzle in a quite natural way to get the Fibonacci sequence involved in the optimal algorithm of resolution, and show some nice properties of such a variant. In particular, we deduce from…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Benoît Rittaud

We derive a unified closed-form expression for the Frame-Stewart algorithm in the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi: M(p,n) = 2^(i(p,n)+1)*n - sum_{k=0}^{i(p,n)} 2^k * C(p+k-2, k), where i(p,n) = min{ j >= 0 : n <= C(p-1+j, j+1) }. and prove it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Abhiram Menon

For the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem with $k \geqslant 4$ pegs, so far the best solution is obtained by the Stewart's algorithm based on the the following recurrence relation: $\mathrm{S}\_k(n)=\min\_{1 \leqslant t \leqslant n} \left\{2…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-31 Jonathan Chappelon , Akihiro Matsuura

We survey recent results on some one- and two-dimensional patterns generated by random permutations of natural numbers. In the first part, we discuss properties of random walks, evolving on a one-dimensional regular lattice in discrete time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 G. Oshanin , R. Voituriez , S. Nechaev , O. Vasilyev , F. Hivert

Quantum walk based hash functions have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of its faster execution time and robust resistance against attacks compared to classical hash functions. It has been observed that the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Pulak Ranjan Giri

In the literature, there are numerous studies of one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) using a moving shift operator. However, there is no exact solution for the limiting probability distributions of DTQWs on cycles using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-20 Xin-Ping Xu , Yusuke Ide

The Frame-Stewart algorithm for the 4-peg variant of the Tower of Hanoi, introduced in 1941, partitions disks into intermediate towers before moving the remaining disks to their destination. Algorithms that partition the disks have not been…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Neng-Fa Zhou , Jonathan Fruhman

Consider two random walks on $\mathbb{Z}$. The transition probabilities of each walk is dependent on trajectory of the other walker i.e. a drift $p>1/2$ is obtained in a position the other walker visited twice or more. This simple model has…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-30 Noam Berger , Eviatar B. Procaccia

We study coupled random walks in the plane such that, at each step, the walks change direction by a uniform random angle plus an extra deterministic angle \theta. We compute the Hausdorff dimension of the \theta for which the walk has an…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-25 Raoul Normand , Bálint Virág

Random walks with a general, nonlinear barrier have found recent applications ranging from reionization topology to refinements in the excursion set theory of halos. Here, we derive the first-crossing distribution of random walks with a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jun Zhang , Lam Hui

We consider random walks in which the walk originates in one set of nodes and then continues until it reaches one or more nodes in a target set. The time required for the walk to reach the target set is of interest in understanding the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Andrew Clark , Basel Alomair , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

Finite dimensional representations of the Hanoi Towers group are used to calculate the spectra of the finite graphs associated to the Hanoi Towers Game on three pegs (the group serves as a renorm group for the game). These graphs are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-11-02 Rostislav Grigorchuk , Zoran Sunic

Random walk is one of the most classical and well-studied model in probability theory. For two correlated random walks on lattice, every step of the random walks has only two states, moving in the same direction or moving in the opposite…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-17 Tianyao Chen , Xue Cheng , Jingping Yang

In this paper we prove a rate of escape theorem and a central limit theorem for isotropic random walks on Fuchsian buildings, giving formulae for the speed and asymptotic variance. In particular, these results apply to random walks induced…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-01 L. A. Gilch , S. Mueller , J. Parkinson