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The alignment of Saturn's magnetic pole with its rotation axis precludes the use of magnetic field measurements to determine its rotation period. The period was previously determined from radio measurements by the Voyager spacecraft to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Ravit Helled , Eli Galanti , Yohai Kaspi

We present an analysis of data about Saturn's atmosphere from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), focusing on the meteorology of the features seen in the 5-micron spectral window. We present VIMS mosaics and discuss…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-28 David S. Choi , Adam P. Showman , Robert H. Brown

We present a map of the spiral structure of the Galaxy, as traced by molecular CS emission associated with IRAS sources which are believed to be compact HII regions. The CS line velocities are used to determine the kinematic distances of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 J. R. D. Lepine , A. Roman-Lopes , Zulema Abraham , T. C. Junqueira , Yu. N. Mishurov

Spokes are localized clouds of fine particles that appear over the outer part of Saturn's B ring. Over the course of the Cassini Mission, the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) obtained over 20,000 images of the outer B ring, providing the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 S. R. Callos , M. M. Hedman , D. P. Hamilton

With recent advances in the modeling of the solar system giant planets, rapid progress has been made in understanding the remaining questions pertaining to their formation and evolution. However, this progress has largely neglected the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Yubo Su , Janosz W. Dewberry , Roberto Tejada Arevalo , Ankan Sur , Adam Burrows

Even though the solar wind is highly supersonic, intense ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave activity has been detected in regions just upstream of the bow shocks of magnetized planets. This feature was first observed ahead of the Earth's bow…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-23 Nahuel Andres , Daniel O. Gomez , Cesar Bertucci , Christian Mazelle , Michele K. Dougherty

The Cassini spacecraft's Grand Finale orbits provided a unique opportunity to probe Saturn's gravity field and interior structure. Doppler measurements yielded unexpectedly large values for the gravity harmonics J_6, J_8, and J_10 that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 B. Militzer , S. Wahl , W. B. Hubbard

The Cassini spacecraft's last orbits directly sampled Saturn's thermosphere and revealed a much more chemically complex environment than previously believed. Observations from the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) aboard Cassini…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 J. Serigano , S. M. Hörst , C. He , T. Gautier , R. V. Yelle , T. T. Koskinen , M. G Trainer

Saturn's magnetospheric magnetic field, planetary radio emissions, plasma populations and magnetospheric structure are all known to be modulated at periods close to the assumed rotation period of the planetary interior. These oscillations…

To explore the formation and properties of Saturn's G ring, we study the dynamics of micron-sized dust particles originating from the arc of debris near the inner edge of the ring. The dynamical evolution of particles due to various…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-22 Zhenghan Chen , Xiaodong Liu , Kun Yang

The Lagrange planetary equations are used to study to secular evolution of a small, eccentric satellite that orbits within a narrow gap in a broad, self-gravitating planetary ring. These equations show that the satellite's secular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Joseph M. Hahn

The co-orbital satellites of Saturn, Janus and Epimetheus, swap radial positions every 4.0 years. Since \textit{Cassini} has been in orbit about Saturn, this has occurred on 21 January in 2006, 2010, and 2014. We describe the effects of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-19 Morgan E. Rehnberg , Larry W. Esposito , Zarah L. Brown , Nicole Albers , Miodrag Sremčević , Glen R. Stewart

We use a state-of-the-art physics-based model of electromagnetic scattering to analyze average circular polarization ratios measured for the A and B rings of Saturn at a wavelength of 12.6 cm. This model is directly based on the Maxwell…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Michael I. Mishchenko , Janna M. Dlugach

The origin and evolution of Saturn's rings is critical to understanding the Saturnian system as a whole. Here, we discuss the physical and chemical composition of the rings, as a foundation for evolutionary models described in subsequent…

The Cassini mission in the Saturnian system is an outstanding opportunity to improve our knowledge of the satellites of Saturn. The data obtained thanks to this mission must be confronted to theoretical models. This paper aims at modeling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Benoît Noyelles , Özgür Karatekin , Nicolas Rambaux

In this paper, we introduce a simplified model to understand the location of Saturn's F ring. The model is a planar restricted five-body problem defined by the gravitational field of Saturn, including its second zonal harmonic $J_2$, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-27 Luis Benet , Àngel Jorba

Over the past few decades, various conjectures were advanced that Saturn's rings are Cantor-like sets, although no convincing fractal analysis of actual images has ever appeared. We focus on the images sent by the Cassini spacecraft…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-03 Jun Li , Martin Ostoja-Starzewski

Aims. To investigate the mid-infrared (MIR) characteristics of Saturn's rings. Methods. We collected and analyzed MIR high spatial resolution images of Saturn's rings obtained in January 2008 and April 2005 with COMICS mounted on Subaru…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-01 Hideaki Fujiwara , Ryuji Morishima , Takuya Fujiyoshi , Takuya Yamashita

The Cassini mission provided key measurements needed to determine the absolute age of Saturn's rings, including the extrinsic micrometeoroid flux at Saturn, the volume fraction of non-icy pollutants in the rings, and the total ring mass.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 R. H. Durisen , Paul. R. Estrada

Tidal dissipation inside giant planets is important for the orbital evolution of their natural satellites. It is conventionally treated by parameterized equilibrium tidal theory, in which the tidal torque declines rapidly with distance, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Jing Luan , Jim Fuller , Eliot Quataert