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We collect open problems in permutation patterns on four themes: rank-unimodality in the permutation pattern poset, Wilf-equivalence and shape-Wilf-equivalence, the enumeration of derangements in permutation classes, and sorting by stacks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Vincent Vatter

We present an algorithm, called BiSC, that describes the patterns avoided by a given set of permutations. It automatically conjectures the statements of known theorems such as the descriptions of stack-sortable (Knuth 1975) and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-03 Hjalti Magnusson , Henning Ulfarsson

We use a method for determining the number of preimages of any permutation under the stack-sorting map in order to obtain recursive upper bounds for the numbers $W_t(n)$ and $W_t(n,k)$ of $t$-stack sortable permutations of length $n$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Colin Defant

We use stack words to find a new, simple proof for the best known upper bound for the number of 3-stack sortable permutations of a given length. This is the first time that stack words are used to obtain such a result.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-23 Miklos Bona

This paper continues the analysis of the pattern-avoiding sorting machines recently introduced by Cerbai, Claesson and Ferrari [CCF]. These devices consist of two stacks, through which a permutation is passed in order to sort it, where the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Giulio Cerbai , Anders Claesson , Luca Ferrari , Einar Steingrímsson

Theorems relating permutations with objects in other fields of mathematics are often stated in terms of avoided patterns. Examples include various classes of Schubert varieties from algebraic geometry (Billey and Abe 2013), commuting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Henning Ulfarsson

We explore the fundamental problem of sorting through the lens of learning-augmented algorithms, where algorithms can leverage possibly erroneous predictions to improve their efficiency. We consider two different settings: In the first…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Xingjian Bai , Christian Coester

We introduce an algorithm that conjectures the structure of a permutation class in the form of a disjoint cover of "rules"; similar to generalized grid classes. The cover is usually easily verified by a human and translated into an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-12 Christian Bean , Bjarki Gudmundsson , Henning Ulfarsson

We consider a stack sorting algorithm where only the appropriate output values are popped from the stack and then any remaining entries in the stack are run through the stack in reverse order. We identify the basis for the $2$-reverse pass…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Toufik Mansour , Howard Skogman , Rebecca Smith

In sorting situations where the final destination of each item is known, it is natural to repeatedly choose items and place them where they belong, allowing the intervening items to shift by one to make room. (In fact, a special case of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-18 Sergi Elizalde , Peter Winkler

Inspired by a common technique for shuffling a deck of cards on a table without riffling, we continue the study of a prequel paper on the pile shuffle and its capabilities as a sorting device. We study two sort feasibility problems of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kyle B. Treleaven

Pancake flipping, a famous open problem in computer science, can be formalised as the problem of sorting a permutation of positive integers using as few prefix reversals as possible. In that context, a prefix reversal of length k reverses…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-02-07 Anthony Labarre , Josef Cibulka

Permutation patterns and pattern avoidance have been intensively studied in combinatorics and computer science, going back at least to the seminal work of Knuth on stack-sorting (1968). Perhaps the most natural algorithmic question in this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-17 László Kozma

In this paper, we go into the study of the 2-category SSS_\Sigma of \Sigma-constructible stacks. The notions of constructible stack was introduced by D. Treumann. It is a natural generalization of constructible sheaf. D. Treumann has also…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-03-23 Delphine Dupont

We prove a lower and an upper bound on the number of block moves necessary to sort a permutation. We put our results in contrast with existing results on sorting by block transpositions, and raise some open questions.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-18 Miklos Bona , Ryan Flynn

Generalized sorting problem, also known as sorting with forbidden comparisons, was first introduced by Huang et al. together with a randomized algorithm which requires $\tilde O(n^{3/2})$ probes. We study this problem with additional…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Pinyan Lu , Xuandi Ren , Enze Sun , Yubo Zhang

We consider a somehow peculiar Token/Bucket problem which at first sight looks confusing and difficult to solve. The winning approach to solve the problem consists in going back to the simple and traditional methods to solve computer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-06-02 Andrea Pasquinucci

We extend and generalize many of the enumerative results concerning West's stack-sorting map $s$. First, we prove a useful theorem that allows one to efficiently compute $|s^{-1}(\pi)|$ for any permutation $\pi$, answering a question of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Colin Defant

In this work, we consider a restricted case of the well studied Sorting by Block Interchanges problem. We put an upper bound k on the length of the blocks (substrings) to be interchanged at each step. We call the problem Sorting by k-Block…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-06 Swapnoneel Roy

The problem of pattern selection arises when the evolution equations have many solutions, whereas observed patterns constitute a much more restricted set. An approach is advanced for treating the problem of pattern selection by defining the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 V. I. Yukalov