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We study the fundamental question of how likely it is that two randomly chosen trees are isomorphic to each other for different models of random trees. We show that the probability decays exponentially for rooted labeled trees as well as…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Christoffer Olsson

Treemaps have been widely applied to the visualization of hierarchical data. A treemap takes a weighted tree and visualizes its leaves in a nested planar geometric shape, with sub-regions partitioned such that each sub-region has an area…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Mehdi Behroozi , Reyhaneh Mohammadi , Cody Dunne

In the field of decision trees, most previous studies have difficulty ensuring the statistical optimality of a prediction of new data and suffer from overfitting because trees are usually used only to represent prediction functions to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Naoki Ichijo , Koki Kazama , Toshiyasu Matsushima

Accessibility percolation is a new type of percolation problem inspired by evolutionary biology. To each vertex of a graph a random number is assigned and a path through the graph is called accessible if all numbers along the path are in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-04-04 Stefan Nowak , Joachim Krug

We propose Partition Tree, a novel tree-based framework for conditional density estimation over general outcome spaces that supports both continuous and categorical variables within a unified formulation. Our approach models conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Felipe Angelim , Alessandro Leite

We derive tight bounds on the expected weights of several combinatorial optimization problems for random point sets of size $n$ distributed among the leaves of a balanced hierarchically separated tree. We consider {\it monochromatic} and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-07-29 Béla Csaba , Thomas A. Plick , Ali Shokoufandeh

Let $\mathcal{L}(T,\lambda)=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^{k}c_{k}(T)\lambda^{n-k}$ be the characteristic polynomial of its Laplacian matrix of a tree $T$. This paper studied some properties of the generating function of the coefficients sequence $(c_0,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-07 Ya-Lei Jin , Yeong-Nan Yeh , Xiao-Dong Zhang

We introduce a novel interpretable tree based algorithm for prediction in a regression setting. Our motivation is to estimate the unknown regression function from a functional decomposition perspective in which the functional components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

The cellular tree classifier model addresses a fundamental problem in the design of classifiers for a parallel or distributed computing world: Given a data set, is it sufficient to apply a majority rule for classification, or shall one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-06-26 Gérard Biau , Luc Devroye

Given a solution to a recursive distributional equation, a natural (and non-trivial) question is whether the corresponding recursive tree process is endogenous. That is, whether the random environment almost surely defines the tree process.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-25 Victor Kleptsyn , Michele Triestino

Trees are partial orderings where every element has a linearly ordered set of smaller elements. We define and study several natural notions of completeness of trees, extending Dedekind completeness of linear orders and Dedekind-MacNeille…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Valentin Goranko , Ruaan Kellerman , Alberto Zanardo

Compact and I/O-efficient data representations play an important role in efficient algorithm design, as memory bandwidth and latency can present a significant performance bottleneck, slowing the computation by orders of magnitude. While…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Tomáš Gavenčiak , Jakub Tětek

A new tree model is introduced based on ordered trees, by distinguishing exactly one child of each node that \emph{has} children. The basic enumeration leads to a cubic equation of the generating function. The extraction of its coefficients…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Helmut Prodinger

Species tree estimation is a complex problem, due to the fact that different parts of the genome can have different evolutionary histories than the genome itself. One of the causes for this discord is incomplete lineage sorting (also called…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-09 Erin Molloy , Tandy Warnow

Monotone trees - trees with a function defined on their vertices that decreases the further away from a root node one travels, are a natural model for a process that weakens the further one gets from its source. Given an aggregation of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Lucas Magee , Yusu Wang

Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) are off-the-shelf techniques in modern Statistics and Machine Learning. CARTs are traditionally built by means of a greedy procedure, sequentially deciding the splitting predictor variable(s) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-25 Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Cristina Molero-Río , Dolores Romero Morales

Large language models achieve strong reasoning performance, yet existing decoding strategies either explore blindly (random sampling) or redundantly (independent multi-sampling). We propose Entropy-Tree, a tree-based decoding method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Longxuan Wei , Yubo Zhang , Zijiao Zhang , Zhihu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Tianyu Huang , Huiting Zhao , Chenfei Liu , Shenao Zhang , Junchi Yan

The recursive and hierarchical structure of full rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. In most of these cases, the full rooted tree is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-24 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

A tree-packing is a collection of spanning trees of a graph. It has been a useful tool for computing the minimum cut in static, dynamic, and distributed settings. In particular, [Thorup, Comb. 2007] used them to obtain his dynamic min-cut…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Tijn de Vos , Aleksander B. G. Christiansen

We study the distribution of the number of leaves of the subtree chosen uniformly at random among all the subtrees of the critical branching process tree at extinction.

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Boris Pittel